MODIFIABLE RISK

FACTORS OF
LIFESTYLE DISEASES
DID YOU KNOW THAT…

Premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are largely caused by

unhealthy behaviors including tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful
use of alcohol.
In the Philippines, 40% of men and 12% of 13-15 year-old school-based adolescents
smoke. Among alcohol users, 48% of men and 17% of women ‘binged’.
Unhealthy choices such as these increase the risk of multiple forms of cancer, heart
disease, stroke, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease as well as negatively impacting blood
pressure, body weight, blood sugar levels, and blood lipids.
(Source: DOH, October 2019)
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE
DISEASES

Why is Smoking harmful?

MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE
DISEASES

Why is Smoking harmful?

Almost every organ in the body is damaged when a person smokes. It weakens
the body and leads to many diseases. Around five million people die yearly from
tobacco, wherein one individual dies every eight seconds. Each stick of cigarette has
more than 4,000 chemicals and consuming it would cut an individual’s life for at least
five minutes.
The smoke contains hydrogen cyanide ( a deadly substance used in gas
chambers), insecticides, methanol, and butane fuels, benzene (causes Leukemia),
cadmium, and formaldehyde (used for embalming).
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF TOBACCO
SMOKE?

Mainstream Smoke,
commonly known as
“first-hand smoke” is the
smoke from a lit cigarette
that is both inhaled and
exhaled.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF TOBACCO
SMOKE?

Second-hand Smoke, is a
very dangerous smoke when
taken in, it is the smoke
puffed out by smokers called
environmental tobacco or
“sidestream” smoke.
WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF TOBACCO
SMOKE?

Third-hand Smoke refers to

cigarette offshoots that are attached
to the smoker’s hair and clothing as
well as various surfaces such as
walls, floors, furniture, chairs, and
toys. This will remain in the
environment even if the smoke is
already gone.
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE
DISEASES

What is Alcohol?
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE
DISEASES

What is Alcohol?
Alcohol is a liquid organic compound that affects normal body
metabolism. Different kinds of alcohol are used as beverages and as
disinfectants in industries. Alcoholic beverages have empty calories or
calories with no essential nutrients. And naturally, it becomes prevalent
for alcoholic drinkers to have malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies.
More often than not, they develop a protruding belly or potbelly from
accumulated fats in the abdomen.
MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF LIFESTYLE
DISEASES

Three types of alcohol

Ethyl or Ethanol Alcohol- used for alcoholic beverages formed from the
fermentation of fruits or grains of cereals and is also known as grain alcohol.
Methyl Alcohol – or wood alcohol, has a poisonous properties and is used as
a denaturant additive for ethanol for industries. It is used in thinner for
paints and shellac.
Isopropyl Alcohol – or rubbing alcohol, commonly used as a disinfectant
and solvent in industries.
Directions: Identify the following.

1. It is commonly known as “first-hand smoke”.

2. It is the act of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of the cigarette.
3. It is a liquid organic compound that affects normal body metabolism.
4. It is the smoke puffed out by smokers called environmental tobacco
or “sidestream” smoke.
5. It refers to cigarette offshoots that are attached to the smoker’s hair
and clothing as well as various surfaces.
Directions: Identify the following.

6-8. Give the 3 types of Alcohol.

9-10. Among alcohol users how many percent of men and
women indulged on drinking alcohol?
 Directions: Create a slogan that you think will encourage people to:
A. Quit smoking
B. Drinking Alcohol in moderation

Scoring Rubric:
Content: 15 pts
Originality: 15 pts
Creativity: 10 pts
Timeliness: 10 pts
 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL

Body Part/System Acute Effects Short-term Effects Long-term Effects

Brain Poor coordination of Hangover; blackouts Brain damage
extremities
Sense Organ Eyes- tunnel vision
Ears- imaired hearing
Heart Angina pectoris Cardiomyopathy
Blood Anemia
Blood vessels Narrowing of visceral
blood vessels;
widening of peripheral
blood vessels
 Body Part/System Acute Effects Short-term Effects Long-term Effects
Lungs Weakening of cough Aspiration Pneumonia
reflex
Esophagus Enlarged blood Cancer
vessels, scars, bleeding
Stomach Increased production Ulcer, gastritis Cancer
of gastric juices
Intestines Diarrhea Ulcers and destruction Duodenal cancer
of the enztme system

Pancreas Hemorrhagic
pancreatitis

Liver Fatty liver Hepatitis Cirrhosis

 Body Part/System Acute Effects Short-term Effects Long-term Effects
Reproductive System Feminization-
(male) enlargement of breast,
lowered testosterone
level, testicular
shrinkage
Reproductive Sytem Irregular menstruation,
(female) menses stop; fetal
alcohol syndrome in
babies born to
alcoholic mothers
Muscles Impaired coordination Loss of balance Reduced muscle mass
of muscles
Bones Osteoarthritis, gouty
arthritis, uric acid
Immune System Increased
susceptibility to
infections
HOW ARE HEALTHFUL EATING HABITS
DEVELOPED?
• Dietary habits are the usual choices of food that people make.
• Diet affects an individual’s health condition.
• Poor dietary habits occur when a person does not follow the principles of good nutrition-
adequacy, balance and variety.
• Adequacy refers to moderate amounts of nutrients to maintain normal body function.
• Balance refers to the correct combination of nutrients, and variation refers to the
consumption of different types of food products.
 WHAT IS A POOR DIETARY HABIT?

Poor dietary habit is not eating enough healthy food. Under and Over
consumption of food and drinks; intake of low-fiber, high fat, high salt, and
high sugar food are all part of poor dietary habits that affect the number of
essential nutrients in the body such as vitamins, minerals, protien, fiber and
fluid.
Poor dietary habits lead to malnutrition, stress, tiredness, sleep
deprivation, weak break, functions, indigestion, and heart problems. it adds
up to the risk of developing diseases and health problems such as:
• obesity • type-2 diabetes
• tooth decay • osteoporosis
• high blood pressure • certain types of cancer
• high cholesterol • depression
• heart disease and stroke • eating dissorder
Physical inactivity is the leading risk factor for
death worldwilde. according to the WHO, Filipino
youths ranked second in the world as the most
physically inactive adolescents.
WHAT DOES PHYSICAL INACTIVITY BRING
CAUSE YOU?
• increase risks of certain cancers
• contribute to anxiety and depression
• risk factors for certain cardiovascular diseases
• increase risks of having coronary heart disease and obesity
• decrease in skeletal muscle mass due to excessive sitting
• high blood pressure and increased cholesterol levels
TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH
UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE
 1. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
A disease of the heart and blood vessels that is the leading cause of death in the Philippines.
Major Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
• smoking
• diabetes
• hypertension
• cholesterol
• age
• obesity
• physical inactivity
TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

• arteriosclerosis • heart rhythm

• atherosclerosis abnormalities/arrythmia
• hypertension
• coronary diseases • stroke
• rheumatic fever
 2. CANCER

• A group of diseases where cells divide at an uncontrolled pace.

• It can form tumor which can be identified as benign (not cancerous)
and malignant (cancerous) through a biopsy procedure.
 FOUR MAJOR CATEGORIES OF CANCER

• Carcinoma is the most common of the major categories; an invasive malignant tumor from
epithelial tissue that tends to spread to other body parts. cancers of the skin, breast, uterus,
prostate, lung, stomach, colon, and rectum are examples of carcinoma.
• Sarcoma is a connective or supportive cancer, which includes muscle, bone, fat, blood vessels,
and cartilage cancers.
• Lymphoma arises in cells of the lymphatic or the immune system tissues and is characterized
by abnormal production of white cells and decrease in resistance.
• Leukemia is the cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by abnormal production of
blood cells, usually leukocytes or white blood cells.
QUIZ NO. 2

1. refers to moderate amounts of nutrients to maintain normal body function.

2. refers to the correct combination of nutrients, and variation refers to the
consumption of different types of food products.
3-5. give 3 examples of Major risk factors for Coronary Heart disease.
6. a tumor identified as not cancerous.
7. a tumor identified as cancerous
8-10. Four major category of Cancer.