Unit 4.

0 : REACTIVITY OF METALS

4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore

KSSM Science Form 3

 Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals

Learning Standard 4.3.1

 A student is able to communicate about the

extraction of metals from its ore by illustrations.

KSSM Science Form 3

4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals

Reactivity Series of Metals Extraction Methods

K Potassium
Na Sodium Very reactive metals
Ca Calcium
Mg Magnesium by electrolysis of molten ores
Increase in reactivity

Al Aluminium
C Carbon
Zn Zinc
H
Hydrogen Fairly reactive metals
Fe Iron by heating strongly with carbon
Sn Tin
Pb Lead
Cu Copper Less reactive metals
Hg Mercury by heating directly in air
Ag Argentum Least reactive metals
Au Gold They exist as free metals in nature
KSSM Science Form 3
4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals

KSSM Science Form 3

4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals
Extraction of metals

Metal ore

Metal compound separated

Purified
from bits of sand & rocks

Metal compound

Metal chemically separated

Extracted from other elements

Metal
KSSM Science Form 3
4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals
The extraction of iron
Iron is extracted from the ores in a blast furnace.

 The common iron

ores are iron oxides
1) Hematite (Fe2O3)
2) Magnetite (Fe3O4)

The blast furnace

KSSM Science Form 3
4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals
The blast Furnace
Iron ore, coke &
limestone added Hot waste gases out
(CO2, CO)

4000C

Blast furnace

18000C
Blast of hot air in at base  Blast of hot air in
at base

Molten iron Molten slag

KSSM Science Form 3
4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals
The extraction of iron
1) Raw materials added

 Iron ore (Haematite)

 Coke (carbon to help
reduce the iron oxide)
 Limestone (to remove
acidic impurities)

KSSM Science Form 3

4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals
The extraction of iron

2) Hot air
2) Hot air blast in
blast in

KSSM Science Form 3

4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals
The extraction of iron
3) In the blast furnace
Step 3:
Iron (III) oxide + carbon Iron + Carbon
dioxide
Iron (III) oxide + Carbon monoxide  Iron +
Carbon dioxide
Iron (II) oxide + carbon  Iron + Carbon
dioxide
Iron (II) oxide + Carbon monoxide  Iron +
Step 2: Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide + Carbon  Carbon monoxide

Step 1: Carbon + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide

KSSM Science Form 3

4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals
The extraction of iron
3) In the blast furnace

Step 4:
Calcium carbonate 
Calcium oxide + Carbon
dioxide

Calcium oxide + silicon

dioxide  calcium silicate
(Molten slag)

Step 5:
Molted iron flows to the bottom

KSSM Science Form 3

 Unit 1.0 Stimuli and Responses

Learning Standard 4.3.2

 A student is able to generate ideas on how to

solve problems from unplanned mining
activities to life on Earth.

KSSM Science Form 3

4.3 Extraction of metals from its ore Unit 4.0 Reactivity of metals

Soil Air
erosion pollution

Water Environmental Habitat

impact of destruction
pollution mining

Loss of
Formation
biodiversit
of Noise &
y
sinkholes visual
pollution
KSSM Science Form 3