THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

ACTIVITY # 1
 The class will be divided into groups with 4 members.

 Bond Papers will be provided for the groups. Groups should

write the names of the group members on the upper left
portion, course and year beside the names, then the date on the
upper right portion.

 Group will be asked to draw an ice berg and will place the
structure of the self according to Sigmund Freud in the correct
location and write its functions.

 Activity will be done in 5 minutes

ACTIVITY # 2

 On another piece of bond paper, groups will be drawing a table as

presented in the slide. The task of the group is to correctly match
the task with its corresponding crises based on the Psychosocial
Stages of Development by Erik Erikson. Fill in the last column.

 Instructor will provide further instructions. You are asked to listen

attentively.

 Groups will only be given 5 minutes for the activity.

Stages Task Crises Important life events
(Period of Life)

Infancy (0 to 18 months) Trust Shame and Doubt

Early Childhood Autonomy Despair

(18 months to 3 years)

Preschool Initiative Role Confusion

(3 to 5 years)

Elementary school age Industry Isolation

(6 to 11 years)

Adolescence Identity Inferiority

(12 to 18 years)

Young Adulthood Intimacy Guilt

(19 to 40 years)

Middle Adulthood Generativity Mistrust

(40 to 65 years)

Old age/ maturity Integrity Stagnation

(65 to death)
HONESTY
AND
SELF ACTUALIZATION

2 Corinthians 5:17 So then, if anyone is in Christ, he is a

new creation; what is old has passed away–look, what is
new has come!
SHORT ACTIVITY  Class will be divided into groups
(SELF-AFFIRMATION) with four members.

 Each member of the will take turn

to be affirmed with his/her positive
attitude/characteristics/traits by the
rest of the members of the group.

 Activity will be done in 15

minutes
WHAT IS PERSONALITY?

 From ancient Latin persona, and medieval Latin

personalitas meaning mask.

 We will not define personalities but look at different

approaches (theories) for better understanding of
personality.
Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality

 Consciousness
 Everything that we are aware at any given time.
 It is unstable and its content changes every now and then.

 Unconsciousness
 Powerful drives that stay totally outside of awareness but are
responsible for all important human behavior.

 Preconscious
 Containsthoughts, perception and memories that have minimal and
emotional significance and can be easily be brought into consciousness
when focused.
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

 Id (unconscious level)
 Operates on the basis of pleasure principle
 Reflex action – automatic response to a drive
 Primary process – formation of a mental image of some objects

known to satisfy a drive.

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

 Ego (Conscious, preconscious, unconscious level)

 Delays satisfaction of id impulse until an appropriate object is
located in the external environment;
 Reality principle – allows realistic retrieval of actual objects
to satisfy important drives.
 Involves formulation of plan of action followed by reality
testing.
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
 Superego (Conscious, preconscious, unconscious level)
 Internalizing social and moral values learned primarily from
the parents and forming an internal set of social control.
 Tends to block ego gratification because reality striving is not
necessarily moral.

 Intrapsychic conflict – continuous interaction of id, ego,

and superego.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
 Developed by Sigmund Freud

 Each stage is dominated by the development of

sensitivity in a particular erogenous or pleasure-giving
spot in the body.

 Fixation – a tendency to stay at a particular stage as a

result of either frustration or over-indulgence.
THE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
 Oral Stage (0-1) – marks the infants need for
gratification from the mother.
THE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
 Anal Stage (2-3) – reflects toddler’s need for
gratification along the rectal area.
THE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
 Phallic Stage (4-5) – concerns preschooler’s gratification
involving the genitals.
 Oedipus Complex
 Electra Complex
THE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
 Latency Stage (six to puberty) – sexual desires are
repressed and all the child’s available libido is channeled
into social acceptable outlets.
THE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
 Genital Stage (puberty onwards) – characterized by
the maturation of the reproductive system and
reactivation of genital zone.
THE PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
 Formulated by Erik Erikson

 Each stages poses unique developmental task and crisis.

 Crisis – “a threat of Catastrophe but a turning point, a

crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened
potential.”

 We develop “healthy personality by mastering our life’s

outer and inner dangers.”
PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
 Birth to 18 months. (Trust vs. Mistrust)

 18 months to Three Years (Autonomy vs. Shame)

 Three to Five Years (Initiative vs. Guilt)

 Six to Eleven Years (Industry vs. Inferiority)

 Twelve to Eighteen Years (Identity vs. Role Confusion)

 Young Adulthood [19 – 40 years]
(Intimacy vs. Isolation)

 Middle Adulthood [40 – 65 years]

(Generativity vs. Stagnation)

 Old Age [65 to death]

(Integrity vs. Despair)
THEORY OF PERSONALITY BY CARL
GUSTAV JUNG
 Personal Unconscious
 Contains memories which are unaware we still possess, often
as a result of repression.

 Collective Unconscious
 This contains a set of shared memories and ideas, which we
can all identify with, regardless of the culture that we were
born into or the time period in which we live.

 Archetypes
 The model image of a person or role.
PERSONA
 The side of personality that people show to the world.
SHADOW ARCHETYPE
 “The archetype of darkness and repression, represents
those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but
attempt to hide from ourselves and others.” - Feist
ANIMA
 The feminine side of men
ANIMUS
 The masculine archetype in women
 The animus is symbolic of thinking and reasoning.
HERO ARCHETYPE
 “Represented in
mythology and legends
as a powerful person,
sometimes part god,
who fights against
great odds to conquer
or vanquish evil in the
form of dragons,
monsters, serpents, or
demons.” - Feist
SELF ARCHETYPE
 Inherited tendency to move toward growth, perfection,
and completion.
INTROVERSION
 Introverts are tuned in to their inner world with all its
biases, fantasies, dreams, and individualized perceptions.
These people perceive the external world, of course, but
they do so selectively and with their own subjective
view (Jung, 1921/1971).
EXTRAVERSION
 “The attitude distinguished by the turning outward of
psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the
objective and away from the subjective. Extraverts are
more influenced by their surroundings than by their inner
world.”
Thank You!! =)
IAN RYUZAKI CANETE