Measurement and

Instrumentation
(EE-312)

Engr. Muhammad Abubakar

Lecturer

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ALTERNATING CURRENT METERS
Lecture# 10
Chapter 1 from Book: Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, K. LAL KISHORE

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Introduction
In this lecture, we will study brief review of
1) Alternating Current-indicating Instruments.
2) Rectifier-type Instruments.
3) Frequency Compensation.
4) Electronic Voltmeter (For AC).
5) AC Voltmeter Using Rectifiers.
6) True RMS-Responding Voltmeter.
7) AC Current Measurement.
8) Alternating Current Instruments (AC Meters).
9) Electrodynamometer Movement.
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Differential Voltmeter

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Example 1.16

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Example 1.16
• Current = deflection/current sensitivity
• Resolution = current * Total Resistance
• Voltage sensitivity = Deflection/resolution

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Alternating Current Instruments
(AC Meters)
Chapter 1 from Book: Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, K. LAL
KISHORE

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Alternating Current Instruments
(AC Meters)

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D’Arsonval Meter Movement for AC
Circuit

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D’Arsonval Meter Movement for AC
Circuit

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Example 1.17

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Modified Circuit for AC Measurements

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Modified Circuit for AC Measurements

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D’Arsonval Meter Movement Circuit
(FWR)

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Example 1.18

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Electrodynamometer Movement
Chapter 1 from Book: Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, K. LAL
KISHORE

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Electrodynamometer Movement
 This type of deflecting system is used for standard voltmeters,
ammeters, and also transfer instruments.
 Standard meters: As the name implies, these meters are used as
a standard for calibrations.

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Transfer Instruments
 These are the instruments calibrated for DC and are used to measure AC quantities
to determine the errors or change in sensitivity.
 The electrodynamometer deflection system consists of two fixed coils and a
moving coil.
 All these coils are connected in series as shown in Fig. 1.81.
 The magnetic field setup in the fixed coil interacts with the magnetic field setup in
the moving coil and the moving coil deflects.
 This is the principle of measurement. The current handling capacity of an
electrodynamometer-type movement is greater than the D’Arsonval meter
movement as the magnetic field setup here is weak.
 Since air is the coupling medium for magnetic field, more current is required to
cause the same deflection.
 Therefore, a larger diameter coil must be used here as more current-handling
capacity is required.
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Transfer Instruments

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Iron Vane-Meter Movement
 The iron vane meter consists of a fixed coil of many turns, and two iron vanes
are placed inside the fixed coil.
 It is rugged and the accuracy is more for AC than DC.
 It is frequency sensitive. Hence, it is used in the range 25–125 Hz.
 The current passing through the coils sets up a magnetic field. This field
magnetizes the two iron vanes with the same polarity. Hence, the two iron
vanes will repel.
 One of the iron vanes is fixed. Therefore, the other vane repels and the coil
fixed to the movable vane deflects. This is the principle of the instrument.
 Deflection is proportional to I^2 (square of the current passing through the
coil).
 Although this instrument can be used for DC applications, hysteresis or
magnetic lag causes errors. Therefore, its application is confined to AC circuits.
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