Parallel

Basics
Paralleling Basics
& Paralleling
Controls
 Traditional Equipment Construction

G
 Paralleling Master
Control Control
1 per genset 1 per system

Distribution
Equipment
control

breaker Distribution
Equipment
 Paralleling Functions
REMOTE

Traditional Designs start with a non-paralleling EC

ENGINE
genset….
– EC: Engine Control
• Protection for Engine GOV
• Start/Stop
• Operator Interface (Alarm/Metering) AVR GEN
– GOV: Governor
• Measure Speed/Control Fuel Rate
– AVR: Automatic Voltage Regulation
• Measure Voltage/Control Excitation CB

POWER
TO
LOAD
 Load Sharing

alternator
l o ad
=

kVAR =
A
kV

kW = engine

kW Demanded by Load
kVar Demanded by Load

Engines Produce kW--Fuel Rate Controls

Alternators Make kVAR--Excitation Controls
 Load Sharing
REMOTE

LOAD SHARE EC

ENGINE
DATA

GOV
ILS
AVR GEN

CB
• Add kW Load Sharing Controls: ILS
• Add kVar Load Sharing: Cross Current
POWER
TO
LOAD
 Synchronizing

REMOTE

LOAD SHARE EC

ENGINE
DATA

GOV
SYNC ILS
AVR GEN

CB

POWER
TO
LOAD
 Synchronizing
Improvements

60 Typical Synchronizing Range

59
FREQUENCY

58

57

56

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TIME (SECONDS)
 Genset Protection
REMOTE

LOAD SHARE EC

ENGINE
DATA

GOV
PROT SYNC ILS
AVR GEN

CB

Minimum Paralleling Genset Protection: POWER

• Loss of Field (40) TO
• Reverse Power (32) LOAD
Alternator Capability Curve
 HMI
REMOTE
TRADITIONAL PARALLEL CONTROL
ALARM
LOAD SHARE EC

ENGINE
DATA

GOV
METER PROT SYNC ILS
AVR GEN

PARALLEL BREAKER

CB

Metering Uses: POWER

Set up Load Sharing: kW, PF, Amps TO
LOAD
Manual Parallel: V, Hz, Sync, Sw
 Traditional Design…
GOVERNOR GOVERNOR

GENSET ENGINE GENSET ENGINE

START COMMANDS
CONTROL CONTROL

AVR AVR

ALARM LAMPS ALARM LAMPS ALARM LAMPS

PROTECTION PROTECTION PLC PROTECTION

AC METERS AC METERS AC METERS

ILS ILS

SYNC SYNC

52-G 52-G

PARALLEL CONTROL #2 PARALLEL CONTROL #2 MASTER CONTROL

LOADS
 Load Govern Functions
REMOTE

• Import/Export Control ALARM

• Var/PF Control LOAD SHARE EC

ENGINE
DATA

GOV
I/E VAR/PF METER PROT SYNC ILS
AVR GEN

UTILITY CB CB
CLOSED SIGNAL

THESE FUNCTIONS ARE ALL REQUIRED POWER

TO
FOR UTILITY PARALLELING APPLICATIONS LOAD
 PowerCommand ANSI Functions GENSET

SURGE SUPPRESSORS
AM SW KW KWH PF 40 32 65 90 51V

VM SW HZ 27 81U 59

86
VM SW HZ 47 SYNC 25

SS
POWERCOMMAND CONTROL

SWITCHGEAR TRIP

CLOSE
 Digital Control
Alternatives
DIGITAL PARALLEL CONTROL
REMOTE

Governor by engine mfr.

(only) LOAD SHARE

ENGINE
DATA
Governor/Engine Control EC
Integrated INTEGRATED GOV

Speed and Voltage Bias PARALLEL SPEED

BIAS
CONTROL
Paralleling Control by AVR GEN
others
Interface to Other Gensets VOLTAGE
BIAS
still Load Sharing ONLY.
CB
PARALLEL BREAKER

POWER
TO
LOAD
 Looking to the Future

Facility Life>>Electronics “Sales Life Cycle”

Need to Design for Replacement
 Paralleling Hardware:
Each Genset
Load Sharing
– Droop or Isochronous?
Synchronizing
– Auto and Manual
Genset Protection
– Reverse Var, Reverse Power, Sync Check
Monitoring and Manual Control
– Metering
• AM, VM, FM, kWM, Sync Scope/Lights
– Breaker Control
Load Govern (Optional)
 Paralleling Hardware:
Master Control
Interfaces gensets to facility
– Load Add
– Load Shed
– Load Demand
– Bus Protection
– Operator Monitoring Station
• Total System AC Metering
– Ammeter, Voltmeter, Frequency, KW
• Status Display
– Availability of Sources, Status of Load Service
• Manual Control Provisions
– Auto Load Control Bypass
– Manual Power Transfer
– Test
 Master Questions
Do I need a master control?
– Load Add Sequence
• What is it? What device does the add?
– Load Shed Sequence
• What is it? What device does the shed?
– Long Duration of Operation
• Do I need Load Demand?
What Features?
– Operator Interface
• Where? How Many?
• What information is needed?
• Manual Back-ups?
Instructions? Training?
 Power Transfer

 Means of Switching from Source to Source

 Switching Process
–Open Transition
–Fast Closed Transition
–Ramping Closed Transition
–Peak Shaving
–Base Load
 Functions
–Source Sensing, Timing/Logic, Utility Protection
–Metering, Manual Controls
 Every Control System is a Combination of:
– Paralleling (Genset) Controls
– Master Controls
– Power Transfer Controls
 The Primary Reason for Paralleling
is to Achieve Added Reliability
KISS Avoiding Single Points
System Topology of Failure
Selection
– Pick by Application Need – Careful Review of
– Simple is generally better Design, Hardware, and
– System Design with Load Software
Add & Shed – Three Steps:
Reliable Components • Design it out
Manual Back-ups • True Redundancy
FMEA • Reliable components
– Role of Distributed Logic
Service & Support
 Master Control Systems
(Isolated Bus)

LOAD ADD/SHED START

COMMANDS COMMANDS

BUS BUS
PLC PROT METERS

START COMMAND, ALARM DATA

MASTER CONTROL

LOAD SHARE DATA

ALARM ALARM

EC EC
ENGINE

ENGINE
GOV GOV

METER PROT SYNC ILS METER PROT SYNC ILS

AVR GEN AVR GEN

PARALLEL CONTROL PARALLEL CONTROL

CB CB

POWER
TO
LOAD
 Master
PCC3100
PCC
PCC3100
PCC TOUCHSCREEN ModLon
Architecture
PCC3200/1 PCC3200/1
3rd Party
Device

GENSET
GENSET GENSET
GENSET
Operator
Panel
PLC SYNCHRONIZER

MASTER COMMAND MODULE

(MCM3320)

M M
DIGITAL DIGITAL
PROTECTION
TRANSDUCER TRANSDUCER
52-G1
52-G1 52-G2
52-G2

PROTECTION PROTECTION

52-GM 52-UM
52-GM 52-UM

LOADS
IO 52-F1 52-F2 IO

LOADS LOADS
 INTERLOCK

1st START SENSOR

LOAD SHARE LINES

PCC PCC PCC

G G G
3 3 3
3 3 3
UTILITY UTILITY
XXX XXX XXX
FAILED FAILED

MCM MCM
3 3320 3 3 3 3 3 3320 3

3 3 3
3

XXX XXX XXX XXX

LOADS LOADS