UNIT 6

Healthcare
Operations
Management
PHHA 424
Health Care Operations Management
Department of Health Services Management
College of Public Health, University of Hail
 Unit 6

PROCESS SELECTION AND

FACILITY LAYOUT
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:

– 1) Define process selection.

– 2) Determine the implications of process selection.

– 3) Discuss the concepts on process selection and system design.

– 4) Define process strategy.

– 5) Name the key aspects of process strategy.

– 6) Discuss the important questions on process selection.

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:

– 7) Describe the different process types.

– 8) Define automation.

– 9) Describe the different kinds of automation.

– 10) Define computer-aided design, numerically controlled

machines and robots.

– 11) Define layout.

– 12) List the importance of layout decisions.

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Upon completion of this unit, the student should be able to:

– 13) Discuss the need for layout decisions.

– 14) Describe the basic layout types.

– 15) Describe the different types of service layouts.

 UNIT V:
PROCESS SELECTION AND FACILITY LAYOUT

 INTRODUCTION
1) Definition of Process Selection
 DEFINITION OF PROCESS SELECTION

• Process Selection refers to

deciding on the way
production of goods or
services will be organized.
 UNIT V:
PROCESS SELECTION AND FACILITY LAYOUT

 PROCESS TYPES
1) Job Shop
2) Batch Processing
3) Repetitive Process or Assembly Line
4) Continuous Process
5) Project
 PROCESS TYPES:
(1) JOB SHOP
• Description:

– Customized goods or
services.
 PROCESS TYPES:
(2) BATCH PROCESS
• Description:

– Semi-standardized
goods or services.
 PROCESS TYPES:
(3) REPETITIVE PROCESS / ASSEMBLY LINE
• Description:

– Standardized goods or
services.
 PROCESS TYPES:
(4) CONTINUOUS PROCESS
• Description:

– Highly standardized
goods or services.
 PROCESS TYPES:
(5) PROJECT
• Description:

– A non-repetitive set of
activities directed
toward a unique goal
within a limited time
frame.
 UNIT V:
PROCESS SELECTION AND FACILITY LAYOUT

 AUTOMATION
1) Definition of Automation
2) Kinds of Automation
3) Computer-Aided Design / Computer-Aided Manufacturing
4) Numerically Controlled Machines
5) Robots
 DEFINITION OF AUTOMATION

• Machinery that has sensing

and control devices that
enable it to operate
automatically.
 KINDS OF AUTOMATION

• (1) Fixed Automation

– This refers to the use of special purpose equipment to

automate a fixed sequence of processing or assembly
operations.
 KINDS OF AUTOMATION

• (2) Programmable Automation

– The production equipment is designed with the capability

to change the sequence of operations to accommodate
different product configurations.

– The operation sequence is controlled by a program.

 KINDS OF AUTOMATION

• (3) Flexible Automation

– This is capable of producing a variety of parts with virtually

no time lost for changeovers from one part style to the
next.

– There is no lost production time while reprogramming the

system and altering the physical set up.
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN / COMPUTER-AIDED
MANUFACTURING
• This refers to the use of
computers in process
control ranging from robots
to automated quality
control.
 NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINES

• Machines that perform

operations following
mathematical processing
instructions.
 ROBOT

• A machine consisting of:

– (1) a mechanical arm;

– (2) a power supply; and

– (3) a controller.
 UNIT V:
PROCESS SELECTION AND FACILITY LAYOUT

 FACILITY LAYOUT
1) Definition of Layout
2) Importance of Layout Decisions
3) Need for Layout Decisions
4) Basic Layout Types
5) Service Layouts
 DEFINITION OF LAYOUT

• This refers to the

configuration of
departments, work centers,
and equipment, with
particular emphasis on
movement of work
(customers or materials)
through the system.
 IMPORTANCE OF LAYOUT DECISIONS

• (1) They require substantial investments of money and effort.

• (2) They involve long-term commitments, which makes

mistakes difficult to overcome.

• (3) They have a significant impact on the cost and efficiency of

operations.
 BASIC LAYOUT TYPES:
(1) PRODUCT LAYOUT
• Layout that uses
standardized processing
operations to achieve
smooth, rapid, high-volume
flow.
 ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCT LAYOUTS

• (1) A high rate of output.

• (2) Low unit cost due to high volume.

• (3) Labor specialization, reducing training costs and time.

• (4) Low material-handling cost per unit.

• (5) A high utilization of labor and equipment.

• (6) Established routing and scheduling.

• (7) Routine accounting, purchasing and inventory control.

 DISADVANTAGES OF PRODUCT LAYOUTS

• (1) Creates dull, repetitive jobs.

• (2) Poorly skilled workers may not maintain equipment or quality of

output.

• (3) Fairly inflexible in changes to volume.

• (4) Highly susceptible to shut-downs.

• (5) Needs preventive maintenance.

• (6) Individual incentive plans are impractical.

 BASIC LAYOUT TYPES:
(1) PRODUCT LAYOUT (U-SHAPED)
 BASIC LAYOUT TYPES:
(2) PROCESS LAYOUT
• Layouts that can handle
varied processing
requirements.

• The variety of jobs that are

processed requires frequent
adjustments to equipment.
 BASIC LAYOUT TYPES:
(2) PROCESS LAYOUT
• This causes a discontinuous
work flow, which is referred
to as intermittent
processing.

• The layouts feature

departments or other
functional groupings in
which similar kinds of
activities are performed.
 ADVANTAGES OF PROCESS LAYOUTS

• (1) Can handle a variety of processing requirements.

• (2) Not particularly vulnerable to equipment failures.

• (3) Equipment used is less costly.

• (4) Possible to use individual incentive plans.

 DISADVANTAGES OF PROCESS LAYOUTS

• (1) In-process inventory costs can be high.

• (2) Challenging routing and scheduling.

• (3) Equipment utilization rates are low.

• (4) Material handling is slow and inefficient.

• (5) Complexities often reduce span of supervision.

• (6) Special attention for each product or customer.

• (7) Accounting and purchasing are more involved.

 SUMMARY

• (1) Process Selection refers to deciding on the way production

of goods or services will be organized.

• (2) The different process types are: (a) job shop; (b) batch
process; (c) repetitive process; (d) continuous process; and (e)
project.

• (3) Automation refers to machinery that has sensing and

control devices that enable it to operate automatically.
 SUMMARY

• (4) The different types of automation are: (a) fixed

automation; (b) programmable automation; and (c) flexible
automation.

• (5) Layout refers to the configuration of departments, work

centers, and equipment, with particular emphasis on
movement of work (customers or materials) through the
system.

• (6) The basic types of layout are: (a) product layout; (b)
process layout; and (c) cellular layout.
Thank you