Professional Documents
Culture Documents
8 Discipline
8 Discipline
8 Discipline
1.Communicate your love to your child in word and deed each and every day.
2.Listen and respond to your child’s feelings as well as their words.
3.Show respect for your child's unique ideas and opinions.
4.Discuss mutual goals, plans, and responsibilities with your child frequently. This
includes the short-term daily plans, goals, and responsibilities as well as the long-term
ones.
5. Your child should know where you are and how to reach you, but should not need to
make frequent contact throughout the day.
6.Continue to touch your child affectionately with hugs, pats on the back, sitting
together to read, etc.
7.Model and teach courtesy, patience, kindness, thoughtfulness, honesty, loyalty,
responsibility, fairness, and forgiveness.
8.Give your child age-appropriate responsibilities at home. This solidifies their sense
of worth in a measurable way.
9.Recognize, acknowledge, and praise your child when he makes an effort to do
something good -good school papers, obeying parents, helping at home. Make a big
deal out of it!
10.Avoid destructive expressions of anger such as insulting, sarcasm, shaming. Try to
discipline with dignity. Never threaten to withhold or stop loving your child.
While parents can be friendly, they should not
be a friend. Children have lots of friends who
tell them what they want to hear. They don't
need you to be another friend. They need you to
be an authority figure who lets them know
where the boundaries of acceptable behavior
are. Trying to be his or her friend will only
undermine your authority as a parent. Friends
often come and go; friends do not love
unconditionally.
Imagine a rat in a cage. This is a special cage (called, in fact, a “Skinner box”)
that has a bar or pedal on one wall that, when pressed, causes a little
mechanism to release a food pellet into the cage. The rat is bouncing around
the cage, doing whatever it is rats do, when he accidentally presses the bar
and -- presto! -- a food pellet falls into the cage! The operant is the behavior
(pressing the bar) just prior to the reinforcer (the food pellet). In no time at
all, the rat is furiously peddling away at the bar, hoarding his pile of pellets in
the corner of the cage.
A behavior no longer
followed by the
reinforcing stimulus
results in a decreased
probability of that
behavior occurring in
the future.
There are also “negative reinforcements”. These are not necessarily the
same as punishment. The child’s behavior changes in order to stop an
existing punishment or aversive stimulus.
Example:
1. The child does not like the
parent to nag them about
taking out the garbage.
2. The child takes out the
garbage.
3. The parent stops nagging.
Shaping is a method of
successive approximations.
Basically, it involves first
Example: A little boy was about reinforcing a behavior only
four years old, and was afraid to vaguely similar to the one
go down a particular slide. So I desired. Once that is
picked him up, put him at the end established, you look out for
of the slide, asked if he was okay variations that come a little
and if he could jump down. He closer to what you want, and
did, of course, and I showered him so on, until you have the child
with praise. I then picked him up performing a behavior that
and put him a foot or so up the would never show up in
slide, asked him if he was okay, ordinary life.
and asked him to slide down and
jump off. He did. I repeated this Application:
again and again, each time I want my child to be
moving him a little up the slide, quiet and sit relatively
and backing off if he got still during an entire 20
nervous. Eventually, I could put minute sermon every
him at the top of the slide and he Sunday at church. What
could slide all the way down and steps might I take to
jump off. His behavior was “shape this behavior”?
“shaped”.
Behavior modification is the therapy technique. Simply, you extinguish
an undesirable behavior by removing the reinforcer, and replace it with a
desirable behavior by using a reinforcer. It has been used on all sorts of
psychological problems such as addictions, neuroses, shyness, autism,
schizophrenia, obsessive/compulsive tendencies -- and works
particularly well with children.
Example:
1. Undesirable behavior – Susy bites her nails
2. Remove the reinforcer – cover her hands with
gloves or paint the nails with bad-tasting
liquid
3. Catch Susy in the act of NOT BITING her nails
4. Offer Susy praise or a gold star or her choice
of polish color for not biting her nails
Token economy is a method of
discipline used primarily in
institutions such as psychiatric
hospitals, juvenile halls, and prisons.
Certain rules are made explicit in the
institution, and behaving yourself
appropriately is rewarded with tokens
-- poker chips, tickets, funny money,
recorded notes, etc. Certain poor Example:
behavior is also often followed by a
1. Get a smiley face beside your
withdrawal of these tokens. The
name for every day that goes
tokens can be traded in for desirable
by without a physical fight
things such as candy, cigarettes,
games, movies, time out of the 2. A grumpy face sticker gets
institution, and so on. This has been pasted over a smiley face when
found to be very effective in you start or join in a fight
maintaining order in these often
difficult institutions. In normal 3. When you get 5 smiley face
situations, is it like buying good stickers showing, I’ll rent the
behavior? movie of your choice for you
Also known as “respondent learning” or “Pavlovian conditioning”. A
behavior occurs that is a learned response to a stimulus that was not
originally capable of producing the response.
Based on the theory of Application:
Russian scientist Ivan
Pavlov (1849-1946)… 1. The teacher flicks the light switch
in the room on and off; it means
nothing to the noisy students
1. A bell rings, and 2. The light flickers, and the teacher
means nothing to the dog says “shhhh” and gets very quiet;
2. The bell rings and food the children get quiet
becomes visible; the dog 3. When the children get quiet, the
starts salivating teacher smiles, praises them, and
3. Upon salivating, the dog continues with the lesson
gets the food 4. Repeated often enough, the
4. Repeated often enough, the children will get very quiet as soon
dog will start salivating at as they see the lights flicker
the sound of the bell
STEP 1: Be committed and consistent.
I’m sorry you’re mad, but you heard your teacher. Every time you
try to cheat while playing this game, you’re going to have to spend
another timeout on the bleachers!
STEP 5: Use child-level
When I broke my truck, Dad said “toys logic.
cost a lot of money” and I should “take
good care of them”. I think he meant Explain your values in
this toy tractor, too! terms your child can
understand. Take the
time to explain the
reasons behind why you
are asking he/she to
behave in certain ways —
if your child understands
the kinds of behavior
you'd like them to avoid,
they're more likely to
apply that reasoning to
different situations,
instead of learning to
stop one behavior at a
time.
By definition, punishment in Licensed caregivers and
the form of physical contact public school teachers in the
is called corporal state of Nebraska are
punishment. This would prohibited from using
include punching, shaking, corporal punishment.
striking (with hand or object),
biting, pinching, and/or Much of the world—including Asia, the
spanking. Middle East, the U.S., the U.K., Canada
and New Zealand—leaves the spanking
issue up to parents. But 11 nations—
The debate: Is Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark,
corporal punishment a Finland, Germany, Israel, Iceland, Latvia,
form of discipline or a Norway and Sweden—have laws
form of abuse? What prohibiting corporal punishment of
children by caregivers or parents.
does corporal
Sanctions range from fines to possible
punishment teach…
imprisonment. Parents traveling with
improved behavior or children should be aware of these laws
violence? regarding corporal punishment.
CONS:
PROS:
Long-term consequences of spanking
Spanking can be immediately
can include increased aggressiveness,
effective on a short-term basis in
antisocial behavior, and delinquency.
getting children to change the
negative behaviors that prompted
Spanking without reasoning may fail to
the spanking.
teach the child right from wrong. The
child may simply avoid the undesirable
Spanking has been shown to be
behaviors in the presence of the parent.
most effective in 2- to 6-year-olds
when used in conjunction with
Physical punishment can send mixed
milder disciplinary methods, such
messages to a child and reinforce
as reasoning and time-outs.
aggressive behavior. When parents
model aggressive behaviors by
In a study, parents who combined
spanking, they reinforce the idea that
reasoning with negative
physical aggression is the way to get
consequences such as spanking
what you want.
had the most success in
changing negative behaviors…
It is suggested that frequently spanking
more so than other forms of
children weakens the closeness of the
discipline such as time outs.
parent/child relationship.
If you decide that spanking is an appropriate
form of punishment for your child, and you
have already given a warning, then proceed
by following these rules:
1. The time-out area should be easily accessible, and in such a location that
the child can be easily monitored while in time-out.
2. Place the child in time out; tell them why they are being placed on time
out; have no further discussion.
3. Set a timer with an audible bell to signal the end of timeout; the timeout
period should last 1 minute for each year of age
4. While in time-out, the child should not be permitted to talk, and the parent
should not communicate with the child in any way. The child also should
not make noises, or be allowed to play with any toy, listen to the radio or
stereo, watch television, or bang on the furniture. Any violation of time-out
should result in automatic resetting of the clock for another time-out
period.
5. Timeout only works if the child is willing to serve the time out period.
Select an activity or object you can take away until the child serves the
timeout.
Sometimes children display temper tantrums in an
attempt to get what they want, but in fact, these
tantrums cannot work unless there is an audience.
Kicking, screaming, pounding fists, stomping feet,
disruptions to a group activity, and even holding
their breath to the point of passing out may be typical
of a child’s tantrum behaviors. In these events, the
best form of discipline may actually be no discipline
at all. The tantrum is “performed” for attention (good
or bad), and when absolutely no attention is given
the tantrum is no longer effective. In other words,
you might choose to ignore misbehavior.
Indulgence means “over-gratification”, “yielding to a
wish”, “a tolerant attitude”. To “spoil” a child means
over-indulgence.
Spoiled children have a very difficult time growing up and living life
successfully. As a parent, you must adhere to some difficult rules and
some form of discipline in order to keep from spoiling your child: