ME 320

Lecture 34
Navier Stokes Solutions
Chapter 9.6

Yuan Xuan
 Euler Equations (Cartesian Coordinates)
• For constant density, inviscid flow:

𝜌( 𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑡
+𝑢
𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑥
+𝑣
𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑦
+𝑤) 𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑧
=−
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑥
+ 𝜌 𝑔𝑥

𝜌(
𝜕𝑧 )
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑃
+𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 =− + 𝜌 𝑔 𝑦
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜌(
𝜕𝑧 )
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑃
+𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 =− +𝜌 𝑔 𝑧
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
• We also call them “inviscid momentum equations”
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 Navier-Stokes Equations
• For incompressible flow with constant ρ, μ

• Continuity 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑤
+ + =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑦 𝜕 𝑧
• Navier-Stokes (momentum)

( ) ( )
2 2 2
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑃 𝜕 𝑢 𝜕 𝑢 𝜕 𝑢
𝜌 +𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 =− + 𝜌 𝑔 𝑥 +𝜇 + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 2 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕 𝑦 𝜕 𝑧
2

𝜌( ) ( 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 )
2 2 2
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑃 𝜕 𝑣 𝜕 𝑣 𝜕 𝑣
+𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 =− + 𝜌 𝑔𝑦+𝜇 + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 2 2 2

𝜌( ) ( 𝜕𝑧 )
2 2 2
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑃 𝜕 𝑤 𝜕 𝑤 𝜕 𝑤
+𝑢 +𝑣 +𝑤 =− +𝜌 𝑔 +𝜇
𝑧 + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥
2
𝜕𝑦
2 2

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 Navier-Stokes Equations (Cylindrical)
• For incompressible flow with constant ρ, μ

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 Momentum Equation Procedure
1. Sketch out problem domain
2. State problem assumptions (e.g., steady, inviscid,
constant ρ, no variation in θ, …)
3. Write applicable components of momentum
equation, and simplify
– Integrate/simplify as appropriate
– Write continuity equation, and integrate/solve
4. Apply boundary conditions
5. Assess resulting equation/values

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 Laminar Falling Film – Problem Setup
• Consider fully developed gravity-driven falling film
over an inclined flat plate
• What are the velocity and pressure fields in this flow
• What is the film thickness (δ) for a given flow rate?

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 Laminar Falling Film
6. Apply boundary conditions, and solve y-
momentum for p

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 Laminar Falling Film
6. Apply boundary conditions, and solve x-
momentum for u

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 Laminar Falling Film Wrap Up
• Finally, find film thickness for given flow rate:

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Video of Falling Film

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 Points of Interest about Films
• At limit of low Re, smooth films like discussed here
• At higher Re, waves can develop – improve heat
transfer and mixing

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 Common Boundary Conditions
• At wall:
– No slip, tangential velocity = wall tangential velocity (0)
– No Penetration, normal velocity = wall normal velocity
𝑢 ( 𝑦 wall ) =𝑢wall

– Specified Shear Stress (e.g., pulling/sliding wall)

𝜇
𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑦 |𝑦 wall
=𝜏 wall
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 Common Boundary Conditions
• At fluid-fluid interface:
– General, no slip, no penetration, shear stresses balance
𝑢a ¿
𝑣a ¿
𝜇 a
𝜕 𝑢a
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 | =𝜇
wall
b
𝜕 𝑢b
𝜕𝑦 𝑦| wall

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 Piston Sliding In Cylinder Example
• A long (L) circular piston of radius R1 slides at
velocity Vp in a stationary cylinder of radius R2.
• What is the velocity field in the gap.
• What is the force required to slide the cylinder
1. Sketch

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 Sliding Piston
2. State assumptions for flow

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 Sliding Piston
3. Write out z-momentum equation, and simplify

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 Sliding Piston
4. Integrate and apply boundary conditions

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 Sliding Piston
5. Assess results – plot velocity profile

• Force to slide piston:

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