Skeletal System

What are the 5

Functions of the
Skeletal System?
Muscle attached to bones!! 1. Movement: Skeletal system
provides points of
attachment for muscles.
Your legs and arms move
when the muscles pull on
the bones.

2. Support: The backbone is

the main support center for
the upper body. It holds your
head up and protects your
spinal cord.
 What are the 5
Functions of the
Skeletal System?
3. Protection: The bones of
your skull protect your
brain. Your ribs protect
your lungs and heart from
injury.

4. Makes Blood: Red and

white blood cells are
formed by tissue called
marrow, which is in the
center of the bone.
 What are the 5
Functions of the
Skeletal System?

5. Storage: Bones
store minerals, such
as calcium and
phosphorus, for use
by the body
 What are the Two ► AxialSkeleton:
Major Skeletal System The axial skeleton
Parts? includes the skull,
spine, ribs and
sternum.

► Appendicular
Skeleton: The
appendicular
skeleton includes
the appendages of
the body, which are
the shoulders,
What are the ► Four basic bone shapes:
Basic Bone
 1. Long- arms, legs and
Shapes? fingers
 2. Short- wrist and ankles
 3. Flat- skull and sternum
 4. Irregular- spine
What is the Structure ► Typical Four Layers:
of Bone?  Periosteum: Covers
Bones
 Compact Bone: Lies
beneath the
periosteum
 Spongy Bone: Lies
beneath the
compact bone
 Bone Marrow: Fills
the gaps between
the spongy bone
  Bones are complex
What is the living structures that
Structure of Bone? undergo growth and
development.
 A thin tough outer
membrane covers
the bone.
 Beneath the outer
membrane is a layer
of compact bone
(hard and dense,
but not solid – it is
filled with holes and
has small canals for
blood vessels and
nerves).
What is the  Inside the
Structure of compact bone is
Bone? a layer of spongy
bone.
 It has many small
spaces, is light
weight, but
strong.
 Spongy bone is
also found at the
ends of bones.
What is the  In the spaces of many
Structure of bones there is a soft
connective tissue
Bone? called marrow.
 Two types of Marrow:
►Red
►Yellow
 Red Marrow
produces most
of the body’s
blood cells.
 Yellow Marrow
stores fat that
can serve as an
energy reserve.
How Strong are  The structure of
Bones? bones make it
both strong and
light weight.
 20 % of an adults
body weight is
bone.
 Bone is made up
of 2 minerals:
►Calcium
►Phosphorus
  As an infant, most of your
How Do Bones skeleton is cartilage.

Develop?  Cartilage is a strong

flexible tissue.

 Over time the cartilage is

replaced by solid bone,
usually complete by the
time you stop growing.

 Not all cartilage is

replaced in adults. Many
joints contain cartilage,
protecting the ends of
bones (ears and the end
of the nose is also
cartilage).
 Clavicle or Collarbone
► The clavicle, or collar bone, holds the
shoulder joint away from the rest of the
upper body and is only as thick as your little
finger.
 Scapula
► The scapula is located on the back side of
the ribcage and helps provide part of the
shoulder joint and movement for the arms.
 Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord
1) The cervical region (neck bones)

2) The thorasic region (what the ribs attach to)

3) The lumbar region (the lower part of the back)

Coccyx and Sacrum
Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
 Radius and Ulna
► Radius on Top

► Ulna on Bottom
Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
Phalanges (Little Fingers)
Rib Cage
Sternum (Breastbone)
Pelvis
 Femur
(Largest Bone in the Body)
The Tibia and Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
 • A joint is a place
What are
where two bones
Joints? come together.

• Joints allow the

bones to move in
different ways.

• Two types of joints:

• Immovable
• Movable
 What are • A joint that
Immovable allows little or
Joints? no movement
 • Most of the joint are
What are movable joints.
• Allow the body to move
Movable Joints? in a wide range of
movements.
• Bones in movable
joints are held together
by strong connective
tissue called
ligaments.
• Four types of movable
joints:
• Hinge
• Ball-and-socket
• Pivot
• Gliding
 ► Round end of bone
What is a fitting snuggly within
another bone.
Ball-and-  Ex. Shoulder and
Socket Joint? Hip
► Allowsthe greatest
range of motion.
 The ball-and-socket
joint allows you to
swing your arm
freely in a circle.
 ► Movement in one
What is a direction like a door.
Hinge Joint?  Ex. Knee and Elbow
► Allows
forward or
backward motion.
 ► Bone resting atop
another bone permitting
What is a Pivot free movement.
Joint?  Ex. Neck, Wrist and
Ankles
► Allows one bone to
rotate around another.
 Allows you to turn your
head
 ► Allows one bone to
What is a Gliding slide over another.
Joint?  Ex. Knuckles,
wrist, ankle
► Allows your to
bend and flex as
well as make
limited side to side
motions.
 ►Connects bone to
What is a bone.
Ligament?
 ►Attaches
What is a muscles to
Tendon? bones.