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Analitik Geo KLP 2
Analitik Geo KLP 2
Three Dimensions
GROUP 2
A. Flat Plane Vector Equations
To determine the vector equation of a flat plane, we must understand and do it following steps:
1. Suppose there are three points on a flat plane, namely P(
2. Take any point X(x, y, z) which is on the flat plane V, meaning point X(x,y,z)
3. Look at the following picture:
A. Flat Plane Vector Equations
4. Determine the length of , , , and
5. For any point X(x, y, z) on a flat plane V, = λ + 𝜇 where λ and 𝜇 are flat plane parameters with and .
6. It is clear from the picture that
Based on the activity above, if we find the length . In step 6 we find a the equation , if substituted the
equation = λ + 𝜇 in the equation , so we get a vector equation of a flat plane V passing through three
points is:
+λ+𝜇
The two vectors PQ and PR are called field direction vectors (any two vectors that
not in line with the plane are the direction vectors of the plane).
In general :
If and are field direction vectors flat V, then the equation of the flat plane V through point P() is:
V]+ λ + 𝜇
V]+ λ + 𝜇
With −∞ < λ < ∞, −∞ < 𝜇 < ∞.
Based on equation, a plane parameter equation is obtained
the average V is:
𝑥 = + λ + 𝜇 ……..(1)
y = + λ + 𝜇 ………(2)
z = + λ + 𝜇 ……….(3)
Example
The vectorial equation of a flat plane through points P(1,1,2), Q(2,3,5) and
R(1,3,7) is?
Solution:
To find the vector equation of a flat plane we use the equation
has been explained, namely:
[𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧] ]+ λ + 𝜇
[𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧] = [1, 1, 2] + λ [(2 − 1) , (3 − 1), (5 − 2)] + 𝜇 [(1 − 1), (3 − 1), (7 − 2)]
[𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧] = [1, 1, 2] + λ [1, 2, 3] + 𝜇 [0, 2, 5]
The parameter equation is:
𝑥= +λ +𝜇
y= +λ +𝜇
z= +λ +𝜇
So we get:
𝑥=1+λ
𝑦 = 1 + 2λ + 2𝜇
𝑧 = 2 + 3λ + 5𝜇
B. Plane Linear Equations
If we eliminate λ and 𝜇 from equations 1 and 2,
obtained:
λ = C= - = …..(4)
𝜇=
If we substitute λ and 𝜇 into equation (3), we obtain:
𝐶(𝑧 − ) − { (𝑥 − ) − (𝑦 − )} − { (𝑦 − ) − (𝑥 − )} = 0
(− )(𝑥 − ) + (− )(𝑦 − ) + 𝐶(𝑧 − ) = 0
𝐴 = (− ) = dan 𝐵 = (− ) =
So we can obtain an equation for the flat plane V that passes through the point
𝑃() is:
𝑉 = 𝐴(𝑥 − ) + 𝐵(𝑦 − ) + 𝐶(𝑧 − ) = 0 ……(5)
B. Plane Linear Equations
The conclusion we can get from the process above is that if a flat plane passes through
𝑃() and has a normal 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘 then the equation of the flat plane is
𝐴(𝑥 − ) + 𝐵(𝑦 − ) + 𝐶(𝑧 − ) = 0
5. It is proven that the general equation of a plane 𝑉 is a vector the normal is
+ 𝑩𝒚 + 𝑪𝒛 + 𝑫 = 𝟎 with the normal vector being = [𝑨, 𝑩, 𝑪].
EXAMPLE
Find the equation of the plane that passes through the point 𝑃 (3, −1,7) and is perpendicular to the
vector 𝑛 = (4, 2, −5)
Solution:
2. Consider . The projection of 𝑂𝑇 on is . = = (must be positive or 𝑝 > 0). So that a The HESSE
Normal Equation of a Flat Field is
Notes: If the plane is flat through O(0, 0, 0) then
It can be concluded that the normal equation of a flat plane is
D. Flat Plane Normal Equation
3. To convert the general equation of the Flat Field + + + 𝐷 = 0 to normal form is as follows:
The relationship between the direction numbers A, B, C and the cosine of the direction is:
For example =
So that an equation is obtained:
then obtained value,
𝑝=
The ± sign is chosen so that the value of 𝑝 is positive.
Example
Find the equation of the normal of the plane 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 - 9 = 0.
Solution:
Solution:
= .79
F. Distance of Points on a Flat Plane
To derive the equation for the distance between a point and a plane plane, consider and understand
the steps below.
1. Suppose the equation of the flat plane where 𝑝 is the distance of the point to the flat plane . Take
any point .
2. To determine the distance of point to plane = 0 by creating a plane = 0 through point which is
parallel to = 0.
3. Suppose d is the distance of the plane = 0 to the point then the distance 𝑂(0,0,0) to = 0 is p + d
meaning that (a) if in between 𝑂(0,0,0) in = 0 then the distance 𝑂(0,0,0) to = 0 is p - d, and (b) if 𝑅(,
, ) is not between 𝑂(0,0,0) in = 0 then the distance of
F. Distance of Points on a Flat Plane
4. As a result of statement no.3, a plane equation because the point Or
Solution:
Solution:
The planes 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 have the same normal vector𝑛𝑉1 = 𝑛𝑉2
Taking any point in the 𝑉2 plane, namely 𝑄 = (0, 𝑦, 0), we obtain:
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 10
2.0 + 𝑦 + 3.0 = 10
𝑦 = 10
So, point 𝑄 = (0,10,0)
Distance Q to 𝑉1 ≡ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 8
A flat plane beam has several properties and characteristics, among them:
1. Parallel: The lines in a flat plane beam are always parallel and never converge.
2. Single origin: The lines in a flat plane beam always go through the same point of origin.
3. Same-way or unidirectional: The lines in a flat plane beam have the same or unidirectional direction.
4. Same length: The lines in a flat plane beam are the same length.
5. Perpendicular: If two flat plane beams are perpendicular to each other, then the lines that make up the
beam are perpendicular to each other as well.
Flat plane files have many applications in mathematics, physics, and engineering. Examples of its
application are in calculating the forces acting on an object, or in making the design of building structures
or bridges.
To obtain the field file equation, consider the steps below.
Suppose there are 2 fields 𝑉1 ≡ 𝐴1𝑥 + 𝐵1𝑦 + 𝐶1𝑧 + 𝐷1 = 0 intersects with
𝑉2 ≡ 𝐴2𝑥 + 𝐵2𝑦 + 𝐶2𝑧 + 𝐷2 = 0 , then the intersection is in the form of a straight line as seen in the
following Figure.
Each point on the intersection satisfies the equation 𝜆1𝑉1 + 𝜆2𝑉2 = 0 , where 𝜆1 dan 𝜆2 is a parameter. The equation
above is the set of planes through which the line intersects 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 Been 𝜆1 ≠ 0 , so that it can be written,
becoming:
𝑉1 + 𝑉2 = 0𝑉1 + 𝜆𝑉2 = 0
So, the equation of the field file through the intersection between the planes 𝑉1 = 0 and 𝑉2 = 0 be
𝑽𝟏 + 𝝀𝑽𝟐 = 𝟎 …(*)
If field 𝑉1 = 0 inline with the plane 𝑉2 = 0 then the flat field file equation is written, becoming :
𝑨𝟏𝒙 + 𝑩𝟏𝒚 + 𝑪𝟏𝒛 =𝒌 atau 𝑨𝟐𝒙 + 𝑩𝟐𝒚 + 𝑪𝟐𝒛 = 𝒌 …(**)
Example
Determine the flat plane equation V through the point O as well as through the plane intersection
𝑉1 ≡ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 24 = 0 dan 𝑉2 ≡ 𝑥 – 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 12
Solution:
Suppose the field equation V is 𝑉1 + 𝜆𝑉2 = 0 boulder 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 24+𝜆 (𝑥 – 𝑦 + 2𝑧 − 12) = 0. Perhatikan bahwa
persamaan bidang 𝑉1=0 through a central point O(0,0,0) then the equation satisfies : 2 ∙ 0 + 3 ∙ 0 + 24 + 𝜆 (0 – 0
+ 2 ∙ 0 − 12) = 24 − 12𝜆 = 0 72
So that 𝜆=2.
From 𝜆=2 Substituted to the initial equation so that it is obtained that:
𝑉 ≡ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 24 + 𝜆(𝑥 – 𝑦 + 2𝑧 − 12)
𝑉 ≡ 2𝑥+ 3𝑦 + 24 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 − 24
𝑉 ≡ 4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4𝑧
So the flat plane equation is 𝑉 ≡ 4 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4 𝑧 = 0
I. Flat Plane Networks
Look at the planes 𝑈 = 0, 𝑉 = 0 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑊 = 0 which do not lie in the same bundle (do not intersect on one
line parallel to each other.) Equation: 𝑈 + 𝜆𝑊 + 𝜇𝑊 = 0 is a set of planes that pass through the point of
intersection of the three planes (in the image below is through point T, and the set of planes that pass
through that point is called a Plane Network.
Example
Determine the equation of the plane V which is parallel to the plane 𝑈 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 =1, and passes through
the intersection point of the planes 𝑊1 = 𝑥 − 3 = 0, 𝑊2 = 𝑦 − 4 = 0, and 𝑊3 = 𝑧 = 0?
Solution: