F-Test

(One-Way)
 Step 1. Partition the sum of squares for treatment, error,
and total by using the appropriate computation formulas.
𝟐
∑𝒀 𝒊
𝑺𝑺𝑻𝒓𝒕 = − 𝑪𝑭
𝑵
sum of squares for treatment
= sum of the squared total of each treatment

𝑁 =number of observations per treatment

𝐶𝐹 =correction factor
=

∑ 𝑋 =∑ of squared grand total

2
 Computation for the Sum of Squares for Total
𝟐
𝑺𝑺𝑻 =∑∑𝒀 𝒊𝒋 − 𝑪𝑭

sum of squares for total

= grand sum of each observation per treatment

𝐶𝐹 =correction factor
=

∑ 𝑋 =∑ of squared grand total

2
Computation for the Sum of Squares for Error

Step 2. Divide the sum of squares treatment, error, and

total with their corresponding degrees of freedom, N-1, to
get the mean square
𝑺𝑺
𝑴𝑺=
𝒅𝒇
Step 3. Divide mean square treatment by mean square
error to get F-value.
𝑴𝑺 𝑻𝒓𝒕
𝑭=
𝑴𝑺 𝑬

Step 4. Prepare ANOVA table.

Tabular F
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean
Observed F
Variation Freedom Squares Square 1% 5%

Treatment

Error

Total
Suppose the researcher conducts a study on the effect of
pellets as supplemental feed upon the yield of prawns cultured
in a fishpond.

Research Question: Is there a significant effect of pellets as

supplemental feed upon the yield of prawns cultured in a
fishpond?
Treatment Yields (kg)
P1 50 70
P2 110 90 100
P3 110 130 130 110
1. Null Hypothesis:
Ho: P1 = P2 = P3
2. Statistical Test.
One-way ANOVA
3. Level of Significance.
α = .01
4. Sampling Distribution
N=3
5. Rejection Region.
The null hypothesis will be rejected if the computed
F-value is equal to or greater than the tabular value of the F-
test at 0.01 level of significance with df (2,6).

6. Computation
Treatment Yields (kg) Total
P1 50 70 120
P2 110 90 100 300
P3 110 130 130 110 480
900
Computation of the Sum of Squares for Treatment
𝟐
𝑺𝑺𝑻𝒓𝒕 =
∑𝒀 𝒊
− 𝑪𝑭 =
𝑵
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝟗𝟎𝟎
𝑺𝑺𝑻𝒓𝒕 = + + −
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟗
𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑺𝑺𝑻𝒓𝒕 = + + −
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟗

𝑺𝑺𝑻𝒓𝒕 =𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎+𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎+𝟓𝟕𝟔𝟎𝟎 −𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑺𝑺𝑻𝒓𝒕 =𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎 −𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑺𝑺𝑻𝒓𝒕 =𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎
Computation of the Sum of Squares for Total
𝟐
𝑺𝑺𝑻 =∑∑𝒀 − 𝑪𝑭
𝒊𝒋
=

𝑺𝑺𝑻 =𝟗𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝑺𝑺𝑻 =𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟎
Computation of the Sum of Squares for Error

𝑺𝑺 𝑬 =𝟓𝟔𝟎𝟎 −𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎

𝑺𝑺 𝑬 =𝟖𝟎𝟎

Computation of Degrees of Freedom

𝒅𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝑵 −𝟏 𝒅𝒇 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 =𝑵 −𝟏

𝒅𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 =𝟑 −𝟏 𝒅𝒇 𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 =𝟖− 𝟐 𝒅𝒇 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 =𝟗 −𝟏

𝒅𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 =𝟐 𝒅𝒇 𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 =𝟔 𝒅𝒇 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 =𝟖

Computation for Mean Square (MS)
𝑺𝑺
𝑴𝑺=
𝒅𝒇
𝑺𝑺 𝑻𝒓𝒕 𝑺𝑺 𝑬
𝑴𝑺 𝑻𝒓𝒕 = 𝑴𝑺 𝑬 =
𝒅𝒇 𝑻𝒓𝒕 𝒅𝒇 𝑬
𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝑺 𝑻𝒓𝒕 = 𝑴𝑺 𝑬 =
𝟐 𝟔
𝑴𝑺 𝑬 =𝟏𝟑𝟑 .𝟑𝟑
𝑴𝑺 𝑻𝒓𝒕 =𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎
Computation for F
𝑴𝑺 𝑻𝒓𝒕
𝑭=
𝑴𝑺 𝑬

𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝑭=
𝟏𝟑𝟑 . 𝟑𝟑

𝑭 =𝟏𝟖
Table 1. One-way ANOVA Table on the Effect of Pellets as Supplemental Feed
Upon the Yield of Prawns
Tabular F
Source of Degrees of Sum of Mean
Observed F
Variation Freedom Squares Square 1% 5%

Treatment 2 4800 2400 18.0 10.92 5.14

Error 6 800 133.33

Total 8 5600

Interpretation.
The computed F-value is 18.0 which is significant at 0.01 level of
confidence. This value is higher than the tabular value with df
(2,6)=10.92. This means that the treatment on the different proportions
of pellets have a significant effect upon the yield of prawns. Thus, the
null hypothesis is rejected.