BIODIVERSITY

AND
STABILITY
H 0
H 0
H 0
H 0
H 0
H 0
H 0
H 0
H 0
H 0
QUICK REVIEW
What are the
01 different sources of
evidence for
evolution?

02
What’s the difference
between Lamarck’s
and Darwinian theory
of evolution?

H 0
Biodiversity and Ecosystem

BIODIVERSITY refers to the

diverse kinds of living things in a
given area.

An ECOSYSTEM ( or ecological
system) is a system that
environments and their organisms
form through their interaction.

H 0
 THE BASIC NEEDS OF
ORGANISMS TO SURVIVE

FOOD WATER SHELTER

H 0
H 0
GROUP PRESENTATION

H 2
 ADAPTATION OF ORGANISMS

EVOLUTIONARY
ADAPTATION, or simply
adaptation, is the adjustment
of organism to their
environment in order to
improve their chances at
survival in the environment.

H 0
Animals have a variety of ways
to adapt to their environment

• STRUCTURAL OR PHYSICAL using

body structures to help an animal survive.

• BEHAVIORAL how animals respond or

act to life needs. Behavioral adaptation
could be instinctive or happen naturally.

H 0
 STRUCTURAL OR PHYSICAL
A. Camouflage

➢ a defense mechanism or
tactic that the organisms
use to disguise their
appearance, usually to
blend in with their
surroundings.

H 0
 STRUCTURAL OR PHYSICAL
B. Mimicry

➢ ability of an organism to
imitate and copycat
another species in terms of
sound, appearance, smell,
behavior or location to
protect itself.

H 0
 STRUCTURAL OR PHYSICAL
C. Chemical defenses

➢ Species produce or include

substances utilized by prey
which are harmful to
invading organisms.

H 0
 STRUCTURAL OR PHYSICAL
D. Body coverings

➢ cover the body and protect

animals from external
factors.

➢ Turtles use its flexible neck

to pull back its head safely
inside its shield-like shell
when danger strikes.
H 0
 BEHAVIORAL
Hibernation

➢ animals bare sleep as a

response to cold weather
and survive the cold
winter.

H 0
 BEHAVIORAL
B. Migration

➢ a behavioral adaptation
that involves an animal or
group of animals traveling
from one place to another
and then back again when
seasons change.

H 0
 BEHAVIORAL
C. Learned Behaviors.
➢ animal behaviors are
obtained and acquired by
interacting with the
environment and cannot
be passed on to the next
generation except by
teaching.
H 0
 The two main factors that should be taken
into account when measuring diversity

Richness is a measure of the number of different

kinds of organisms or species present in a particular
area

Evenness compares the similarity of the

population size of each of the species present.

H 0
● More diverse and evenly distributed ecosystems mean
more stable ecosystems. Keep in mind that if the
ecosystem has an equal number of species, it is evenly
distributed, more diverse, stable, and has more chance of
survival.

H 0
 BIODIVERSITY VALUES
1. DIRECT ECONOMIC VALUE

If their products are sources of food, medicine,

clothing, shelter, and energy. Examples are
medicines extracted from plants like coconut.

H 0
 BIODIVERSITY VALUES
2. INDIRECT ECONOMIC VALUE
If there are benefits produced by the organisms without
using them. Examples include certain species that maintain
the chemical quality of natural bodies of water, prevent soil
erosion and floods, cycle materials in the soil and absorb
pollutants such as mangroves.
H 0
 BIODIVERSITY VALUES
3. AESTHETIC VALUE

A lot of species provide visual or artistic enjoyment, like a

forested landscape and the calming beauty of a natural park.
Examples are Banaue Rice Terraces in Ifugao and Hundred
Islands in Alaminos City, Pangasinan.

H 0
GROUP ACTIVITY

Direction: Here are pictures of some animals and their

different forms of adaptation. Identify the form of
adaptation and the use of adaptation. An example has
been given as your guide.

H 1
IDENTIFY THE FORM OF ADAPTATION

H 4
IDENTIFY THE FORM OF ADAPTATION

H 4
IDENTIFY THE FORM OF ADAPTATION

H 4
 Choose from the box!
FORM OF ADAPTATION USE OF ADAPTATION

MIMICRY
A. This enables the animal to experience long deep sleep over
MIGRATION
the cold months.
STRUCTURAL
B. This animal has the ability to copycat and imitate traits from
CAMOUFLAGE other animals, to fool its predators and be able to live longer.
HIBERNATION C. This defense mechanism helps this animal to be unnoticed and
to hide from its predators by blending in with the surroundings.
D. They travel seasonally to find a climate best suited for
their survival.
E. This animal uses its very long neck as an adaptation to feeding
at high levels in the treetops.

H 1
 Guide Questions

• What would happen if an animal’s habitat changes

due to climate change or destruction?

• How could it adapt to survive in a new habitat?

• Could it move to another habitat?

H 1
Importance of adaptation
to species
Adaptations help an organism
survive and/or reproduce in its
current environment.

H 4
To sum it up!
1. What is biodiversity?
2. In your own opinion, what do you think is the main
reason why species adapt?

H 2
SHORT QUIZ
As a youth, how can I take care of the environment?
(answer the question in not less than 5 sentences)

H 4
ASSIGNMENT:

Direction: Read the Population Growth and Biodiversity.

Group discussion will continue at the next meeting.

H 4