7 Trigonometry and Modelling

Trigonometry and
Modelling
Twitter: @Owen134866
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Prior Knowledge Check
1) Find the exact values of: 3) Prove the following:
a) or b) √3 a)
2
c)
√3 b)
2) Solve the following equations in
the interval c)
a)
194.2 , 245.8
b)
c)
45 ,165 ,225 ,345
270
Teachings for
Exercise 7A
Trigonometry and Modelling
𝐺 𝐸
You need to be able to use the 𝛼

addition formulae for and
1 90 − 𝛼
In the diagram to the right, , , and 𝐹 𝛼 𝐶
. Additionally, lines and are
perpendicular, lines and are
perpendicular, and lines and are 𝛽
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵
Use the diagram, together with  Since and are parallel,

known properties of sine and
cosine, to prove the following:  This means that
 Which then means that
7A
𝐺 𝐸

addition formulae for and 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
1
In the diagram to the right, , , and 𝐹 𝐶
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵
Use the diagram, together with In a right-angled triangle:

cosine, to prove the following:  In triangle , the angle is and the Hypotenuse is 1
𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽 ×1
𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽
7A
𝐺 𝐸
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
1
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵

cosine, to prove the following:  In triangle , the angle is and the Hypotenuse is
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼× 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽
7A
𝐺 𝐸
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵

𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛼 ×𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽
7A
𝐺 𝐸
. Additionally, lines and are 𝛽
perpendicular, lines and are 𝑐𝑜𝑠
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵

cosine, to prove the following:  In triangle , the angle is and the Hypotenuse is 1
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛽 ×1
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛽
7A
𝐺 𝐸
perpendicular, lines and are 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵

𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 ×𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛽
𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛽
7A
𝐺 𝐸
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽
Use the diagram, together with
known properties of sine and In a right-angled triangle:
cosine, to prove the following:
 In triangle , the angle is and the Hypotenuse is
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼× 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛽
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛽
7A
𝐺 𝐸
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵
𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝛼 + 𝛽) ×1
𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝛼 + 𝛽)
 However, we also know that the Opposite side is …
𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

7A
𝑠 𝑖𝑛 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

𝐺 𝐸
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵
known properties of sine and 𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑠 𝑖𝑛(𝛼 + 𝛽 ) 𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
Therefore…
7A

𝐺 𝐸
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝛼+ 𝛽) ×1
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝛼+ 𝛽)
 However, we also know that the Adjacent side is …
𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

7A
𝑠 𝑖𝑛 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

𝐺 𝐸
perpendicular. 𝛼
𝐴 𝐷 𝐵
known properties of sine and 𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝛼+ 𝛽) 𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
Therefore…
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
7A
𝑠 𝑖𝑛 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
𝑠 𝑖𝑛 ( 𝛼 − 𝛽 )=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝛼 − 𝛽 ) =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

You need to be able to use the 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽
addition formulae for and Replace and with
and
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝐴+ 𝐵 )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
Replace with
Use the results above to show
that: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝐴 +(− 𝐵) )=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠(− 𝐵) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(− 𝐵)
You can use some
trig relationships
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝐴− 𝐵 )=¿𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴(− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵)
Simplify
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝐴− 𝐵 )=¿𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃=𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡(− 𝜃)

For
example A similar process can be
𝑐𝑜𝑠 20=𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡(−20)
followed for !
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃=− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 For
example
𝑠𝑖𝑛40=− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
7A
𝑠 𝑖𝑛 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=
𝑠 𝑖𝑛 ( 𝛼 − 𝛽 )=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝛼 − 𝛽 ) =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 1 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )
You need to be able to use the 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )
addition formulae for and Replace using the
relationships above
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴+ 𝐵 )=
Use the results above to show 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
that: Divide all terms by
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
+
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
( )
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐵 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
−
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
Simplify each
term
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=
1 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
A similar process can be

followed for !
7A
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
You need to be able to use the
addition formulae for and
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
−
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
Prove that: Multiply to make the
denominators equal
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
¿ −
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
Group together
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
¿
The top can be replaced using
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡( 𝐴 + 𝐵) one of the identities above
¿
7A
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
Given that:
Express in terms of
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 )=3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦 )

Rewrite the sin and cos parts
¿ 3 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 )
2(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)
Multiply out the brackets
¿3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 +3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 +2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
Divide all by cosxcosy
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 +2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦¿3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 +3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 Simplify
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥+2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦¿ 3 +3 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 Subtract 3tanxtany

Subtract 2tany
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥− 3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦¿ 3 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
Factorise the left side
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥(2 −3 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦)¿ 3 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
Divide by (2 – 3tany)
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥¿ 3 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
2 −3 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 7A
Teachings for
Exercise 7B
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
addition formulae
Show, using the formula for Sin(A – B), Sin(A - B) ≡ SinACosB - CosASinB
that: A=45,
B=30
𝑆𝑖𝑛 15= √
6 − √2 Sin(45 - 30) ≡ Sin45Cos30 – Cos45Sin30
These can be
4 written as
√2 √3 √2 1 surds
 Think about how you could write 15˚

Sin(45 - 30) ≡ × − 2×2
2 2
Multiply
using angles that can be expressed
each pair
exactly… √6 √2
Sin(45 - 30) ≡ −4
4
𝑆𝑖𝑛15=𝑆𝑖𝑛(45 − 30) Group the
fractions up
√6 −√2
Sin(15) ≡ 4
7B
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=

addition formulae 𝑂𝑝𝑝
𝑂𝑝𝑝 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴=
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴= 𝐴𝑑𝑗
𝐻𝑦𝑝 5
Given that: 3
3 3
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴=− 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴=
< A < 270˚ 5 A 4
4
Cos
Use Pythagoras’ to find the missing side (ignore negatives)
Tan is positive in the range 180˚ - 270˚

Find the value of: 𝑂𝑝𝑝
Tan(A+B) 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐵=
𝐴𝑑𝑗 13 𝐴𝑑𝑗
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐵= 5
Tan (A + B) 𝐻𝑦𝑝 5
B 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐵=
12 12
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐵=− 12
13 5
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐵=−
12
y = Tanθ Use Pythagoras’ to find the missing side (ignore negatives)
90 180 270 360
Tan is negative in the range 90˚ - 180˚
7B
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=

addition formulae
Tan (A + B)
Given that:
Substitute in TanA
< A < 270˚ and TanB
Tan (A + B)
Cos Work out the
Numerator and
Denominator
Tan (A + B)
Find the value of:
Tan(A+B) Leave, Change and
Flip
Tan (A + B) Tan (A + B)
3 5 Simplify
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴= 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐵=−
4 12 Tan (A + B)
Although you could just type the whole thing into your
calculator, you still need to show the stages for the
workings marks…
7B
Teachings for
Exercise 7C
𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴

You can express sin2A, cos2A and
tan2A in terms of angle A, using
the double angle formulae
Sin(A + B) ≡ SinACosB + CosASinB

Replace B with A
Sin(A + A) ≡ SinACosA + CosASinA
Simplify
Sin2A ≡ 2SinACosA
Sin2A ≡ SinACosA Sin4A ≡ 2Sin2ACos2A
÷ 2 2A  4A
Sin2A ≡ 2SinACosA
x 3 2A = 60
3Sin2A ≡ 6SinACosA Sin60 ≡ 2Sin30Cos30 7C

𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2 2 2
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴− 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴≡ 1− 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴≡ 2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴− 1
2

Cos(A + B) ≡ CosACosB - SinASinB

Replace B with A
Cos(A + A) ≡ CosACosA - SinASinA
Simplify
Cos2A ≡ Co
Cos2A ≡ Co
Replace Cos2A with (1 – Sin2A) Replace Sin2A with (1 – Cos2A)
Cos2A ≡ (1 Cos2A ≡ Co1 - Co
Cos2A ≡ 1 Cos2A ≡ 2Co
7C
𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2 2 2 2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
1 −𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝐴
Tan (A + B)
Replace B with A
Tan (A + A)
Simplify
Tan 2A
Tan 2A Tan 60
÷ 2 2A = 60
Tan 2A
x 2
2A = A Tan A
2Tan 2A
7C

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
You can express sin2A, cos2A and 2
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴− 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴
2
tan2A in terms of angle A, using Let

the double angle formulae 2
𝐶𝑜𝑠 100 ≡ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 50 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 50
2
Use the double angle formulae to So the expression given is

write the following expression as a
single trigonometric ratio:
equivalent to
7C

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
You can express sin2A, cos2A and 𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
tan2A in terms of angle A, using 1 −𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝐴
the double angle formulae Let
𝜋
2 𝑇𝑎𝑛
𝜋 6
𝑇𝑎𝑛 ≡
2 𝜋
Use the double angle formulae to 3
1− 𝑇𝑎𝑛
write the following expression as a 6
So the expression given is
equivalent to
7C
2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛70
tan2A in terms of angle A, using 𝑠𝑒𝑐 70
Rearrange
¿ 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛70 𝑐𝑜𝑠 70
Use the double angle formulae to
write the following expression as a
𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
Let
𝑆𝑖𝑛140 ≡ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛70 𝑐𝑜𝑠 70
Multiply by 2
2 𝑆𝑖𝑛140 ≡ 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛70 𝑐𝑜𝑠 70
So the expression given is

equivalent to
7C
2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
 You need to find an identity which contains
tan2A in terms of angle A, using both and
2
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴≡ 1− 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴
Replace with (this step is
Given that and
not really needed!)
, eliminate and express in terms of . 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 ≡1 −2 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
2
Replace using the

expressions we have
( )
2
3−𝑦 𝑥
 Write expressions for and =1− 2
4 3
Multiply by 4
3 − 𝑦= 4 − 8 ( )
2
𝑥
𝑥=3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑦 =3 − 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 3
Subtract 3
− 𝑦=1 − 8 ( )
2
𝑥
 Rearrange both 3
3− 𝑦 Multiply all by -1
𝑦 =8 ( ) − 1
2
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃= 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 =
3 4 3
7C
𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2 2
2 2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
tan2A in terms of angle A, using 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝑂𝑝𝑝
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥= 4 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥=
the double angle formulae 𝐻𝑦𝑝 𝐻𝑦𝑝
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥=
3 √7
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 = √
4 x
7
Given that: 4
3 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥= 180 ˚<𝑥 <360 ˚
4 Use Pythagoras’ to find the missing side (ignore negatives)
Find the exact value of:
Cosx is positive so in the range 270 - 360
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 =− √
7
Therefore, Sinx is negative
4
y = Cosθ
90 180 270 360 Sin2x ≡ 2SinxCosx
Sub in Sinx and Cosx
Sin2x = 2
Work out and leave in
y = Sinθ surd form
Sin2x =
7C
𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2 2
2 2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
tan2A in terms of angle A, using 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝑂𝑝𝑝
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥= 4 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥=
the double angle formulae 𝐻𝑦𝑝 𝐴𝑑𝑗
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥=
3 √7
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥 = √
4 x
7
Given that: 3
3 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥= 180 ˚<𝑥 <360 ˚
4 Use Pythagoras’ to find the missing side (ignore negatives)
Find the exact value of:
Cosx is positive so in the range 270 - 360
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥 =− √
7
Therefore, Tanx is negative
3
y = Cosθ Tan 2x
90 180 270 360
Sub in Tanx
Tan 2x
y = Tanθ Work out and leave in

90 180 270 360 surd form
𝑇𝑎𝑛2 𝑥=− 3 √7 7C

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
You are given the addition formulae in the formula booklet,

but you do not get the double angle formulae…
7C
Teachings for
Exercise 7D
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
angle relationships you have seen 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝜃 − 30 )=8 √ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Use the expansion
in equation solving for
4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30+4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30=8 √ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Replace exact values
Solve in the range . Give answers to

1dp.
4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 (2) (2)
√ 3 + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 1 =8 √2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 where possible
Simplify left side

2 √ 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃=8 √ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Divide by 2
√ 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 +𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃=4 √ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Subtract
√ 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃=4 √2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Factorise right
side
√ 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃=𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ( 4 √ 2 −1 )
Divide by the
√ 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 =𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 bracket
( 4 √ 2 −1 )
Divide by
√ 3 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
( 4 √ 2 −1 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 The right side
equals
√ 3 =𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝜃
( 4 √ 2 −1 )
7D
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
angle relationships you have seen
in equation solving 𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝜃= √3
( 4 √ 2 −1 ) Inverse tan, and then find
any alternative solutions…
Solve in the range . Give answers to °
𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝜃=20. 4 , 200. 4
°
1dp.
7D
2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
angle relationships you have seen 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+ 2=0
in equation solving Replace using one of the
2
expressions above
3 (2 𝑐 𝑜𝑠 𝑥 −1)− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +2=0
Expand bracket
Solve in the range . Give answers to 2
6 𝑐 𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 3 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +2= 0
1dp where appropriate. Simplify
2
6 𝑐 𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1=0
Factorise
( 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +1 ) ( 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 1 )=0
Write the 2 possible values for
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 =− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 =
3 2
Find the principle value, and then check for any others
in the range (remember that
𝑥 =109.5 𝑥 =60
, 250.5 , 300
7D
2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
angle relationships you have seen 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 =3
Replace using a
in equation solving
relationship from above
Solve in the range . Give answers to

2
( 2𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑦
2
1 −𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑦 )
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 =3
Multiply the bracket by 2
2dp.
( 1− 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦 ) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 =3
4 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
2
Multiply the
2 bracket by
4 𝑡𝑎 𝑛 𝑦
2
=3
1− 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦 Multiply both sides
by
2 2
4 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦=3− 3 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦
Add
2
7 𝑡𝑎 𝑛 𝑦=3
Divide by 7
2 3
𝑡𝑎 𝑛 𝑦=
7
3
√
Square root
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦=±
7 7D
2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
√
angle relationships you have seen 3
in equation solving 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦=±
7
Solve in the range . Give answers to Write the 2 possible values for
2dp.
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 =
√ 3
7
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦=−
3
7√
Find the principle value, and then check for any others
in the range (remember that )
𝑦 =0.58 𝑦 =2.56
, 3.72 , 5.70
7D
2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
in equation solving
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝐴+𝐵 ) ≡ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
Replace A and B
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2 𝐴+ 𝐴 ) ≡ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴

a) By expanding , show that:
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 ( 3 𝐴) (≡2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+ (1− 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 ( 3 𝐴) ≡
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜 𝑠 2 𝐴
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝐴 Replace
cos2A
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 ( 3 𝐴) ≡ 2
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 (1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴) 3
+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴
Multiply out
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 ( 3 𝐴) ≡
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴− 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴−2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 𝐴 Group like
terms
𝑠𝑖 𝑛 ( 3 𝐴) ≡
3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴− 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴
7D
2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴≡ 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴
in equation solving Replace with if this
helps!
3
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 ≡ 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Multiply all by 4
a) By expanding , show that: 3
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 ≡ 12 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃− 16 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Multiply by -1
3
− 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 ≡16 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 12 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Subtract
− 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 −2 √ 3 ≡16 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −12 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −2 √ 3
3
If the right side
b) Hence, or otherwise, solve: equals 0, the left
side must also equal
− 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 −2 √ 3=0 0…
Multiply by -1
, in the range 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃 +2 √ 3=0
Subtract
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃=− 2 √3
Divide by 4
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃=− √
 Try to find a way to change the 3
relationship from a) into the equation 2
you are solving…
7D
2

2 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝐴
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝐴 ≡ 2
angle relationships you have seen 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃=− √
3
in equation solving 2
Inverse sine
1
3 𝜃=− 𝜋
3 Remember that , so subtract this
a) By expanding , show that:
4 answer from
3 𝜃= 𝜋
3
3𝜋
1 4𝜋
2
5𝜋
3 3 2𝜋
−√
3 y = Sinθ
b) Hence, or otherwise, solve: 2
-1
𝜋 𝜋
2
Find other values in the initial range, then keep adding to
, in the range them to find more
4 5 10 11 16 17
3 𝜃= 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋
3 3 3 3 3 3
 Adjust the range for the equation we Divide all
are solving… 4 5 10 11 16 17 by 3
𝜃= 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋, 𝜋
0 <3 𝜃<6 𝜋 9 9 9 9 9 9
7D
Teachings for
Exercise 7E
You can write expressions of the
¿ 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 +α 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 α
𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥+α) Replace with the
expression
form acosθ + bsinθ, where a and 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
¿ 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 +α 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 α
b are constants, as a sine or Compare each term –
cosine function only they must be equal!
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 α=3 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 α=4
𝑅
( ) ( )
Show that: 3 𝐴 4 𝑂
𝑐𝑜𝑠 α = 𝑠𝑖𝑛α = 4
3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑅 𝐻 𝑅 𝐻
α
Can be expressed in the form: So in the triangle, the Hypotenuse is R… 3
𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥+α)
𝑅=√ 3 2 + 4 2 𝑅=5
3
So: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 α =
𝑅
R=5
3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠 α =
5
Inverse Cos
¿ 5 sin ⁡(𝑥+53.1°) −1 3
α =𝑐𝑜 𝑠
5 Find the smallest value in the
acceptable range given
α =53.1° 7E
You can write expressions of the ¿ 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼− 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − α)
form acosθ + bsinθ, where a and Replace with the
expression
b are constants, as a sine or
cosine function only
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥− √ 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥¿ 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼− 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 Compare each term –
they must be equal!
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=1 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼= √3
Show that you can express:
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥− √ 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
In the form:
√
𝑅= 1 + ( √ 3 ) 𝑅=2
2 2
𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − α) 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=1

R=2
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=1 Divide
1 by 2
So: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=
2 Inverse
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥− √ 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −1 1 cos
𝛼=𝑐𝑜 𝑠
(
¿ 2 sin ⁡ 𝑥 −
𝜋
3 ) 𝜋
2 Find the smallest
value in the
acceptable range
𝛼=
3
7E
Sketch the graph of: 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥− √ 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
form acosθ + bsinθ, where a and
b are constants, as a sine or = Sketch the graph of: 2 sin ⁡ 𝑥 − ( 𝜋
3 )
Show that you can express:

1 y =sin ⁡𝑥 Start out
with sinx
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥− √ 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 -1
π
/2 π /2
3π
2π
In the form:
𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − α) 1 (
y =sin ⁡ 𝑥 −
𝜋
3 ) Translate
π/3 units
-1 /3
π π
/2 π 4π
/3 /2
3π
2π right
(
2 sin ⁡ −
𝜋
3 )
¿− √3 2
1
(
y =2 sin ⁡ 𝑥 −
𝜋
3 ) Vertical
At the y- stretch, scale
intercept, -1 /3
π π
/2 π 4π
/3 3π
/2 2π factor 2
x=0 -2
7E
You can write expressions of the ¿ 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼+𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃 −𝛼) Replace with the
b are constants, as a sine or 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+5𝑠𝑖𝑛 ¿𝜃𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼+𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 expression
cosine function only Compare each term –

they must be equal!
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=2 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼=5
Express:
𝑅=√ 22 +52 𝑅=√ 29
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
in the form:
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃 −𝛼) 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=2

R = √29
√ 29 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=2 Divide by
2 √29
𝜃+5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 So: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=
√ 29 Inverse
¿ √ 29 cos(𝜃 −68.2) 𝛼=𝑐𝑜 𝑠
−1 2
cos
√ 29 Find the smallest

value in the
𝛼=68.2 acceptable range
7E
You can write expressions of the √ 29 cos(𝜃 −68.2)=3
form acosθ + bsinθ, where a and Divide by √29
b are constants, as a sine or 3
cosine function only cos ( 𝜃 −68.2)=
√ 29
Inverse Cos
Solve in the given range, the −1 3

following equation: 𝜃 −68.2=𝑐𝑜 𝑠
√ 29 Remember to work out
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃=3 other values in the
adjusted range
0 °<𝜃<360 ° 𝜃 −68.2=56.1
, −56.1
, 303.9
We just showed that the original equation can Add 68.2 (and
be rewritten… put in order!)
𝜃=12.1
, 124.3
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+5𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃=√ 29cos(𝜃 − 68.2)
Hence, we can solve this equation instead!
√ 29 cos(𝜃 −68.2)=3 -56.1 56.1 303.9

y = Cosθ
0 °<𝜃<360 ° Remember to
-90 90 180 270 360
−68.2 °<𝜃 −68.2<291.2° adjust the
range for (θ –
68.2) 7E
Rcos(θ – α) chosen as it
gives us the same form
as the expression
You can write expressions of the ¿ 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼+𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃 −𝛼) Replace with the
form acosθ + bsinθ, where a and expression
b are constants, as a sine or 12𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ¿𝜃𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼+𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
cosine function only Compare each term –
they must be equal!
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=12 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼=5
Find the maximum value of the
following expression, and the 𝑅=√ 122 +52 𝑅=13
smallest positive value of θ at which
it arises:
12𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=12
R = 13
¿ 13 cos ⁡(𝜃 −22.6 ) 13 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=12
Divide by 13
12
13 cos ⁡(𝜃 −22.6) Max value of
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼=
13
cos(θ - 22.6) = 1 Inverse
13( 1) Overall maximum −1 12 cos
𝛼=𝑐𝑜 𝑠
𝑀𝑎𝑥=13 therefore = 13
13 Find the smallest
Cos peaks at 0 value in the
𝜃 −22.6=0 𝛼=22.6 acceptable range
θ = 22.6 gives us 0
𝜃=22.6
7E
b are constants, as a sine or
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ± 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝜃 ± 𝛼 )
𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ± 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝜃 ∓𝛼 )
Whichever ratio is at the start, change the expression into

a function of that (This makes solving problems easier)
Remember to get the + or – signs the correct way round!
7E
Teachings for
Exercise 7F
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
You need to be able to use
Trigonometrical identities to prove
𝜃 𝜃
other identities 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
2 2 Replace the first part using
the relationship below
Show that: ¿ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
Replace all using the
1 relationship below
¿ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 ≡ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃=2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

Divide all Divide both
𝜃 𝜃 terms by 2 1 sides by 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ≡ 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
2 2 2
These types of problem often require you to start with a

relationship you know and ‘modify’ it in some way
7F
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
other identities 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 Replace the second term
2
using the relationship
¿ 1+(2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 1) below
Show that: Simplify
2
¿ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 ≡ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃− 1
Multiply all
terms by 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 ≡ 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 𝜃 − 1
7F
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
other identities 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃 ≡
2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
2
1 −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
Divide all terms in the
Prove the Identity: 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 fraction by
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃 ≡
1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃
−
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 Simplify/rewrite each
term
2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃 ≡
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
A good starting point would be the
identity we already know for
2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃 ≡ 2
1 −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃
7F
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
other identities (
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 −
𝜋
6 )
Write the expansion using
the relationship above
Prove the Identity:

(
¿ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝜋
6
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝜋
6 )
Expand the bracket
𝜋 𝜋
¿ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 +2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛
6 6
Some terms are
exact values
You could start by writing the
expansion of the right hand side…
¿ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃 (2)
√ 3 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 𝜃 1
(2) Simplify
¿ √ 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃
7F
Teachings for
Exercise 7G
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
Trigonometric functions you know to The minimum value would be when we
model practical situations in context subtract as much as possible from 11.5
𝑃=11.5 −0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 − 2 )

The cabin pressure, , in pounds per The highest value of
square inch (psi) on an aeroplane at the term is 1
cruising altitude can be modelled by 𝑃 = 11.5 −0.5 ¿
𝑀 𝑖𝑛=11 𝑝𝑠𝑖 the equation: Calculate
𝑀 𝑎𝑥=12 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑃=11 𝑝𝑠𝑖
Where is the time in hours since the

cruising altitude was first reached, and
all angles are measured in radians The maximum value would be when we
add as much as possible to 11.5
a) State the minimum and maximum
cabin pressure 𝑃=11.5 −0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 − 2 ) We need this term to be
negative, and as low as
possible – the value
𝑃 = 11.5 − 0.5 ¿ needs to be -1
Calculate
𝑃=12𝑝𝑠𝑖
7G
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
Trigonometric functions you know to 𝑃=11.5 −0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 − 2 ) We want the
model practical situations in context pressure to be at its
maximum value
12= 11.5 − 0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 − 2 )
Subtract 11.5
The cabin pressure, , in pounds per
square inch (psi) on an aeroplane at 0.5=− 0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑡 − 2 )
Divide by -0.5
cruising altitude can be modelled by
−1= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 −2 )
𝑀 𝑖𝑛=11 𝑝𝑠𝑖 the equation:
𝑀 𝑎𝑥=12 𝑝𝑠𝑖 Inverse sine
1
− 𝜋 = 𝑡 −2
2
Where is the time in hours since the Add 2
cruising altitude was first reached, and 1
2 − 𝜋 =𝑡
all angles are measured in radians 2
Calculate
0.43=𝑡
b) Find the time after reaching
So the time would be 26 minutes (multiply the time in
cruising altitude that the cabin first
hours by 60)
reaches a maximum pressure
 Note that you might need to find more than one
possible solution to the trig equation, depending on
what you are asked!
7G
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
Trigonometric functions you know to
model practical situations in context 𝑃=11.5 −0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 − 2 )
Sub in
𝑃=11.5 −0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 5 − 2 )
The cabin pressure, , in pounds per Calculate
square inch (psi) on an aeroplane at 𝑃=11.43 𝑝𝑠𝑖
cruising altitude can be modelled by
the equation:

cruising altitude was first reached, and
all angles are measured in radians
c) Calculate the cabin pressure after 5

hours at a cruising altitude
7G
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )=

𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( 𝐴 − 𝐵 )=
Trigonometric functions you know to 𝑃=11.5 −0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 − 2 )
model practical situations in context We want to know when
the psi will be 11.3
11.3=11.5 −0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 −2 )
The cabin pressure, , in pounds per Subtract 11.5
square inch (psi) on an aeroplane at − 0.2=− 0.5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 −2 )
cruising altitude can be modelled by Divide by -0.5
the equation: 0.4= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑡 − 2 )
Inverse sine
0.41=𝑡 −2
cruising altitude was first reached, and 1
0.4
all angles are measured in radians 𝑦 =𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
0.41 /2
π 2.73π 3π
/2 2π
-1
d) Find all the times during the first 8 We can try adding or subtracting
𝑡 −2=0.41, 2.73
hours of cruising that the cabin to these to find other possible
pressure would be exactly 11.3 psi. 𝑡 =2.41, 4.73 solutions in the adjusted range.
Ensure you know the range you are working with first!  In this case though, all would
0≤𝑡≤8 𝑡 =2 h 25 𝑚𝑖𝑛 be outside the range we have…
Calculate
−2 ≤ 𝑡 −2 ≤ 6 𝑡 =4 h 44 𝑚𝑖𝑛
7G

7 Trigonometry and Modelling

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Trigonometry and

You need to be able to use the 𝛼

Use the diagram, together with  Since and are parallel,

 Which then means that

You need to be able to use the 𝛼

Use the diagram, together with In a right-angled triangle:

Use the diagram, together with In a right-angled triangle:

Use the diagram, together with In a right-angled triangle:

Use the diagram, together with In a right-angled triangle:

Use the diagram, together with In a right-angled triangle:

𝑂𝑝𝑝=𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

Trigonometry and Modelling

Trigonometry and Modelling

𝐴𝑑𝑗=𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽

Trigonometry and Modelling

Trigonometry and Modelling

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃=𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡(− 𝜃)

Trigonometry and Modelling

A similar process can be

Trigonometry and Modelling

Trigonometry and Modelling

2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 )=3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ⁡(𝑥 − 𝑦 )

2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥+2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦¿ 3 +3 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 Subtract 3tanxtany

Trigonometry and Modelling

 Think about how you could write 15˚

Trigonometry and Modelling

You need to be able to use the

Tan is positive in the range 180˚ - 270˚

Trigonometry and Modelling

You need to be able to use the

Trigonometry and Modelling

Sin(A + B) ≡ SinACosB + CosASinB

Sin2A ≡ SinACosA Sin4A ≡ 2Sin2ACos2A

3Sin2A ≡ 6SinACosA Sin60 ≡ 2Sin30Cos30 7C

Trigonometry and Modelling

Cos(A + B) ≡ CosACosB - SinASinB

Replace Cos2A with (1 – Sin2A) Replace Sin2A with (1 – Cos2A)

Cos2A ≡ (1 Cos2A ≡ Co1 - Co

Cos2A ≡ 1 Cos2A ≡ 2Co

Trigonometry and Modelling

Trigonometry and Modelling

tan2A in terms of angle A, using Let

Use the double angle formulae to So the expression given is

Trigonometry and Modelling

Trigonometry and Modelling

So the expression given is

Trigonometry and Modelling

Replace using the

Trigonometry and Modelling

Trigonometry and Modelling

y = Tanθ Work out and leave in

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You are given the addition formulae in the formula booklet,

Trigonometry and Modelling

Solve in the range . Give answers to

Simplify left side

Trigonometry and Modelling

Trigonometry and Modelling