RESEARCH

information
bias

logic evidence

reader evaluate

author RESEARCH investigate

RESEARCH
Research is a careful and
detailed study into a specific
problem, concern, or issue using
the scientific method.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Ask a Question
2. Do background research
3. Construct a hypothesis
4. Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
5. Analyze your data and draw a conclusion
6. Communicate your results
 RESEARCH
• To begin researching something, you have to have a
problem, concern, or issue that has turned into a
question. These can come from observing the world,
prior research, professional literature, or from peers.

• Research really begins with the right question, but

your question must be answerable.
Basics of identifying a good research title

1. It should predict the content of the research paper.

2. It should be interesting to the reader.
3. It should reflect the tone of the writing.
4. It should contain important keywords that will
make it easier to be located during a keyword search.
Other things to be considered in writing a research
title are the following:
1. Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.
2. Avoid using abbreviations.
3. Use words that create a positive impression and
stimulate reader interest.
4. Use current nomenclature from the field of study.
5. Identify key variables, both dependent and
independent.
6. May reveal how the paper will be organized.
Other things to be considered in writing a research
title are the following:
• Suggest a relationship between variables which supports the
major hypothesis.
• Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words.
• Do not include “study of,” “analysis of” or similar
constructions.
• Titles are usually in the form of a phrase but can also be in the
form of a question.
Other things to be considered in writing a research
title are the following:

• Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words

and last words capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle.
All nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that appear
between the first and last words of the title are also capitalized.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE vs.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• The independent variable is the cause. Its value
is independent of other variables in your study.
• The dependent variable is the effect. Its
value depends on changes in the independent
variable.
Lack of Comfort Rooms: Its Negative
Effects on the Selected Students of
Hunop Community High School During
the School Year 2023-2024
You design a study to test whether changes in room
temperature have an effect on math test scores.

• Your independent variable is the temperature of the room.

You vary the room temperature by making it cooler for half
the participants, and warmer for the other half.

• Your dependent variable is math test scores. You measure

the math skills of all participants using a standardized test
and check whether they differ based on room temperature.
BASIC PARTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER
1. Title Page
2. Table of Contents
3. Introduction
4. Review of Related Literature
5. Conceptual Framework
6. Methodology
7. Analysis of Data
8. Results / Findings / Presentation of Data
9. Discussion / Implication of Data Analysis
10. Conclusion
11. Reference Page / Bibliography
12. Appendices
Review of Related Literature
This section is where you will be
providing all the relevant readings from
previous works.
Review of Related Literature
• Provide brief summaries or descriptions of the
works of other authors.
• Make sure that your research materials are from
credible sources such as academic books and
peer-reviewed journals.
• Make sure that your reading materials are
directly relevant to the topic of your research
paper.
• The literature review typically includes the names
of the authors, the titles of their works and the
year of the publication of these works.