 Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. explain clearly the electrical safety and maintenance organization.

(C2)

2. classify the related MS IEC 60364 and electricity regulations

1994 for maintaining electrical distribution systems, fire alarm
system, electric powered equipment and preventive maintenance.
(C3)

3. construct the procedure for the assigned practical works on

troubleshoot fault and repair the electrical appliances. (P4)

4. demonstrate problem solving skill in performing maintenance and

troubleshooting in a team. (A3)
LEARNING OUTCOME:

1.1 Understand safety and objectives of

maintenance

1.2 Understand types of maintenance,

maintenance record and maintenance
organization
1.1 Understand safety and objectives of maintenance

1.1.1 Explain electrical safety, practices and precautions.

1.1.2 Explain the objectives of maintenance

1.1.3 Explain the functions of maintenance.

a. Importance of electrical safety.
b. Types of electrical injuries.
c. ‘on-site’ electrical safety.
d. Work area control.
e. Relevant electricity regulations 1994.
 Electricity is dangerous. Electricity always seeks the shortest path to
the ground, usually through a conductor; so because the human
body is around 70% water, this makes it a suitable route for
electricity to take. Thus if a bare, live wire is touched by a human,
electricity will pass through that body to the ground causing
electrocution. Electrocution can be mild, depending on the voltage
of the object; however a small amount of electricity if passed
straight through the heart, even as little as kill a human. What
electrical equipment is at 100-200mAmp, can risk in the household
or workplace?

 VIDEO 1: ELECTRICAL SAFETY START FROM US!

- discuss about the step we must do to avoid electrical fault.
Electrical injuries
 Electrical hazards can cause accidents and fires.T he
current flow can be shock, paralysis, fire explosion and so
on.

Accident caused electricity:

 1. direct touching to electric current
 2.electric spark

Factors caused electricity accident:

 1. Not comply with electrical safety .
 2. modify existing tools
 3.using electrical appliances that have been damaged
without repair first
i. Electric shock/kejutan elektrik
A voltage as low as 50 volts applied between two parts of the human body causes a
current to flow that can block the electrical signals between the brain and the muscles.
This may have a number of effects including:

•Stopping the heart beating properly

•Preventing the person from breathing
•Causing muscle spasms

The exact effect is dependent upon a large number of things including the size of the
voltage, which parts of the body are involved, how damp the person is, and the length of
time the current flows.

ii. Electrical burn/tisu badan terbakar

When an electrical current passes through the human body it heats the tissue along the
length of the current flow. This can result in deep burns that often require major surgery and
are permanently disabling. Burns are more common with higher voltages but may occur from
domestic electricity supplies if the current flows for more than a few fractions of a second.
iii. Loss of muscle control/ lumpuh/ Kehilangan kawalan otot
People who receive an electric shock often get painful muscle spasms
that can be strong enough to break bones or dislocate joints. This loss
of muscle control often means the person cannot ‘let go’ or
escape the electric shock. The person may fall if they are working at
height or be thrown into nearby machinery and structures.
 iv. Thermal burns/haba panas
Overloaded, faulty, incorrectly maintained, or shorted electrical
equipment can get very hot, and some electrical equipment gets
hot in normal operation. Even low voltage batteries (such as
those in motor vehicles) can get hot and may explode if they are
shorted out.
People can receive thermal burns if they get too near hot surfaces
or if they are near an electrical explosion. Other injuries may
result if the person pulls quickly away from hot surfaces whilst
working at height or if they then accidentally touch nearby
machinery.
 Video 1
 Explain the practice and precaution when work at ‘on site’/near
electricity?

 When to carry out work on systems and equipment electricity, always

 Plan every job.
 Think every mistake possible.
 Use a right hand
 Use the procedure, diagrams, and documents as tools for the job.
 Separate equipment from the source of supply.
 Identify shock and arc as well as the possible dangers.
 Minimize danger to the protection or approach carefully.
 Test every circuit and every conductor, every time before touching
 Use personal protective equipment as a protection to the our body
 Ask yourself "do I have the skills,knowledge, equipment and experience
to perform This work safely
Safety prosedure

 Safety requirements must be observed at all times when carrying out

any kind of electrical work in residential buildings

The main purpose of electrical safety regulations need to be

implemented are:

 Protect human life, animals

 Protecting human bodily injuries
 Protect buildings and property from fire / damage
 Protect equipment and electrical machines-machines from damage /
fire
 Machines and equipment will last longer
 Reduce losses due to fire / damage
 Benefit employers and employees
 Provide comfort and enjoyment at work
 Gives confidence at work
i . Self Safety.

 a. Have protective equipment (PPE ) appropriate as safety

shoes, gloves, hats or other security to be when you are at
work .

 b . Wear protective clothing appropriate to the work to be

done .

 c . Not wear jewelry or jewelry such as rings , watches ,

chains , etc. while carrying out electrical work .
2 . Safety in the Workplace .

a. Having knowledge about the dangers of electrical work to be done and how
to control these hazards .
b . Always comply with the safety regulations in the workplace that have been
set.
c . Ensure that the electricity supply are short - open (switch off ) before the
work carried out ( if applicable) .
d . Having the knowledge and practice caution and calm at work , hygiene and
environment place of work, do not smoke and always practice safety
coordination with colleagues .
e . When working at height , workers should use appropriate support
equipment such as ladders, wood or aluminum , steel scaffolding or work
platforms , safety belts or other props necessary to ensure that work can be
carried out in a safe condition .
f . Use electrical equipment in good condition and safe to use and supply of
electricity to the equipment shall be by casting protective device (RCD ) of
30 mA sensitivity .
g . Make sure the electrical supply cable exposed while at work is covered by
a protective mechanism.
h . If there are flammable materials or corrode , security measures should be
taken according to the relevant safety regulations
a. To prevent and reduce fault.
b. To minimize the maintenance cost.
c. To prolong the life cycle of machines.

Meaning of maintenance.
 Maintenance means to detect, repair or prevent
damage on an apparatus so that it can function
properly
 poor maintenance can lead to dangerous
situations, accidents.
 Therefore regular maintenance is essential to
ensure that the machinery, equipment and
working environment that is safe and reliable.
 Indirect, planned maintenance can protect and
reduce.

Discussion:
How to prevent and reduce fault?

I. To ensure items or components met the

specification
II.DO THE PROTECTIVE MAINTENANCE
To minimize maintenance costs, this step should
be follow
 All equipment maintenance process should be
planned carefully
 Every such planning should include planning
preventive maintenance, maintenance repair,
emergency maintenance, schedule maintenance
and no maintenance requirements & policies
 Factors that shorten the life period of a machine
that uses electronic components is a i. factor of
the temperature
ii. the humidity
iii. the situation environment
iv. how to use
also shortens the life of the machine such as
Electronic Drives and PLCs are widely used in
industry

Discussion:
How to prolong the life of Machine
 a. To ensure items or components met
the specification.

 b. To ensure cost of the item produced is

reasonable.

 c. To ensure machines or equipment can

be used optimally.
The electronic product -do not meet specification
may be due to several factor:-
 Component in the circuit.

 The wrong program.

 Components have capability exceed the standard.

 Install error in operation.

 Pressure from the surrounding.

 Needed to ensure a product meet specifications or

not.
What we should do?
Comprehensive Maintenance covers such thing as the
following:
The knowledge.
 The ability or the lack of the product or
components.Know whether the product meet
specifications or not.
Protection-
 From the knowledge - give maximum protection to
product. Example: temperature durability
Repair.
 To ensure that product or components meet the
specifications, repair should always be done.
Inspection.
 To ensure inspection is done, a record book should
available so that the inspection conducted according the
procedure.
 To ensure affordable cost of product that
produced - ANALYSIS.
 Analysis should be done so that the cost of
product produced can provide reasonable
return
 To ensure machine or equipment can be used
optimally, maintenance must be Done before the
machine or equipment is breakdown to prevent
the greater breakdown will occur.
a. Fault maintenance/Repair Maintenance
 It is done when the machine or equipment being
damaged during operation. This method is fast
but for some machines it is not cost effective.

 Normally cause damage to electrical equipment is

a result of parts or components of the equipment
is damaged due to long operation. Without
intensive care components in the circuit will be
more.
 It covers the process of care in terms of equipment and
re-alignment inspection equipment.
 This method is more practical for every equipment will
be corrected from time to time during the screening
process.
 This will increase the life of the equipment and prevent
it from being damaged when it is operating
 With the knowledge that is owned or has been stated
earlier, of course, we can provide the maximum
protection to goods owned. For example durability, say
temperature resistance. Event components can not
withstand the hot temperatures and strong vibrations so
we had to put a cold disuhu without having strong
vibration with this we have given protection to the
components or items
 Modify maintenance is maintenance performed
on the equipment should the need arise, or the
machine can no longer be repaired to operate as-
is. This may occur for equipment or old
machines where spare parts are not easily
available tools

 To ensure that the items or components to meet

specifications, repairs should always be done.
Always refer to the suppliers/vendor to generate
work orders based on need
a. Maintenance schedule.
b. Maintenance cost: preventive maintenance
cost and repair cost.

a. Maintenance schedule.

 Is a complete system tables that focus

 to the means of prevention which includes
the determination of the time, day, date,
location, maintained process, technique,
technical controls, and other.
 By having made ​the planning system through
preventive maintenance ( maintenance with
planning) of the minimum cost rate can be
determined and used as a provision for
maintenance of electronic equipment or
machinery
 Example 1
 Example 2
 Example 3
 Cost (RM)
Maintenance
without planning

Maintenance
with planning

Time

Discussion:
1.Analysis the graph
2. Give example type of maintenance for 2 categories maintenance above.
( Maintenance with/without planning)
a. Internal maintenance team.
They are made ​up of workers hired by the
companies regularly. • internal maintenance team
will do maintenance work and unscheduled service
and do preventative maintenance tasks

b. External maintenance team.

Exterior maintenance team consists of:
 The external maintenance team
 Manufacturer or contractor maintenance team
 Internal maintenance team consists of several parts, as
explained their functions and duties in the previous section.
They consist of:
 Maintenance manager (Maintenance Manager)
 Technical Manager (Technical Manager)
 Supervisors and Technicians (Stock) (Supervisor and
technician (stock))
 Supervisors and Technicians (service) (Supervisor and
technician (service))
 Finance (Financial)
 External support (Site support (supplier and contractor))
External Maintenance team
 Area Maintenance Organization

- a large organization and has many branches. they have

placed the maintenance team in certain areas.

 Manufacturer or Contractor Maintenance Team

-Maintenance team consists of employees from the
company's suppliers or contractors.
- They will be called by the Site Support if there are repairs or
maintenance that need to be done.
-These are workers who have specialized skills required to
do the work maintenance within the organization is