• COMPLAINT- a sworn written statement charging a

person with an offense, subscribed by the offended party,

any peace officer or other public officer charged with the
enforcement of the law violated

• SUBPOENA- a writ of court commanding the recipient to

appear at a certain time and place to give testimony upon
a certain matter
 2 COMMONLY USED SERVICES IN
CRIMINALISTICS:

1.PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION
2.FIREARM IDENTIFICATION
 PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION

3 Major
scientific systems for identification of criminals :
1. ANTHROPOMETRY
2. DACTYLOGRAPHY
3. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) TYPING
 ANTHROPOMETRY
• Was based on the fact that every human being differs from
every other one in the exact measurements of their body .

• This was developed by Alphonse Bertillon who was regarded

as the father of criminal identification and he also introduced
the PORTRAIT PARLE or Speaking picture.
 DACTYLOGRAPHY
• The scientific study of fingerprints as a method of
identification

FINGERPRINTS- is the pattern on the inside of a finger in the

area between the tip and the first joint and stays the same from
the day of the person’s birth and the day he dies .No two persons
fingerprints are exactly alike.
 DNA
ENDERBY CASES
The first use of DNA Typing in criminal case was in 1987 in
England. These pertain to the rape cases of Lynda Mann and Dawn
Asworth , both 15 years old and who were killed after being raped at
Enderby, England. Comparing the DNA samples derived from the semen
recovered from both victim’s bodies, investigators realized that the same
man had rape and killed both woman.
ANALYSIS- Study of the unknown evidence or item found
in the crime scene to determine its essential characteristics
COMPARISON- the process of examining how the
characteristics of the evidence gathered compare with the
established property of known items
INDIVIDUALIZATION- refers to the uniqueness of
evidence made possible by the facts that no two things
occurring in nature are exactly the same
 CHAIN OF CUSTODY

• It refers to the number of persons who handled the

evidence from the time of its discovery up to the
ultimate disposition of the case. this should be
minimized as much as possible.
 CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

• Is the conduct of processes more particularly on the

recognition, search, collection, handling, preservation
and documentation of physical evidence to include the
identification , interview and arrest of suspects at the
crime scene.
 CRIME SCENE

Is the location where the offense was

committed
 TYPES OF THE CRIME SCENE

1. PRIMARY- where the body of the victim is found.

2. SECONDARY- may include the victim’s home,

suspect home, suspects vehicle, the road between
suspect’s and victim’s homes or any other comparable
indoor or outdoor area.
GOLDEN RULE AT CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

“Never touch, move, or alter any object at the crime

scene unless it has been photographed, measured
and sketched from any conceivable angle”.
SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)
-Is the conduct of processes, more particularly the
recognition, search, collection, handling, preservation and
documentation of physical evidence
– A forensic procedure performed by the trained personnel
of the PNP Crime Laboratory SOCO Team through
scientific methods of investigation for the purpose of
preserving the crime scene, gathering information,
documentation, collection, and examination of all physical
and other forensic evidence.
 FIRST RESPONDER

-The very first person to arrive and respond at the

crime scene.

– Are members of the PNP or other law enforcement

agencies who are mandated and expected to be the
first to respond to calls for assistance in cases of
incidents of crime.