VERBAL: GERUND

Three kinds of verbals:

 Gerund
 Infinitive
 Participle
Driving
Planting
Laughing
Swimming
Painting
V X P L V C P I K V
K X E A E Y V X I C
Y K S C I J M J O I
J D Q L B N T A E V
Q R M W E I T D P P
D R I V I N G I C T
G N I H G U A L N I
G N I M M I W S S G
U Z X Z V O Y Q K N
P L A N T I N G G Z
V X P L V C P I K V
K X E A E Y V X I C
Y K S C I J M J O I
J D Q L B N T A E V
Q R M W E I T D P P
D R I V I N G I C T
G N I H G U A L N I
G N I M M I W S S G
U Z X Z V O Y Q K N
P L A N T I N G G Z
V X P L V C P I K V
K X E A E Y V X I C
Y K S C I J M J O I
J D Q L B N T A E V
Q R M W E I T D P P
D R I V I N G I C T
G N I H G U A L N I
G N I M M I W S S G
U Z X Z V O Y Q K N
P L A N T I N G G Z
V X P L V C P I K V
K X E A E Y V X I C
Y K S C I J M J O I
J D Q L B N T A E V
Q R M W E I T D P P
D R I V I N G I C T
G N I H G U A L N I
G N I M M I W S S G
U Z X Z V O Y Q K N
P L A N T I N G G Z
V X P L V C P I K V
K X E A E Y V X I C
Y K S C I J M J O I
J D Q L B N T A E V
Q R M W E I T D P P
D R I V I N G I C T
G N I H G U A L N I
G N I M M I W S S G
U Z X Z V O Y Q K N
P L A N T I N G G Z
V X P L V C P I K V
K X E A E Y V X I C
Y K S C I J M J O I
J D Q L B N T A E V
Q R M W E I T D P P
D R I V I N G I C T
G N I H G U A L N I
G N I M M I W S S G
U Z X Z V O Y Q K N
P L A N T I N G G Z
VERB +-ING GERUND

Drive +-ing Driving

Paint +-ing Painting

Laugh +-ing Laughing

Plant +-ing Planting

Swim +-ing Swimming

Example:

Planting relaxes my mind.

Example:

Planting relaxes my mind.

Gerund:
is a verb form ending in
“ing” and used as a noun.
Gerund phrase:
begins with a gerund and
includes a object and or
modifiers.
An Object:
is any nouns, pronouns, or noun
phrase on which gerund
performs an action.
Solving is easy.

Solving math problem is easy.

A Modifier:
is either an adverb or an
adverbial phrase that describe
the action of the gerund.
Talking patiently is part of my
daily routine.
Functions or Usage of a Gerund Or Gerund
Phrase
Gerund as Subject
Gerund as Direct Object
Gerund as Predicate Nominative
Gerund as Appositive
Gerund as Object of the Preposition
 Subject:
the topic of a sentence.
Gerund as Subject
1. Singing is my sister’s
favorite hobby.
Gerund as Subject
1. Singing is my sister’s
favorite hobby.
Gerund as Subject
1. Smoking cigarettes is bad for
your health.
Gerund as Subject
1. Smoking cigarettes is bad for
your health.
Note:
Gerund used as the subject, will
usually be found at the
beginning of the sentence.
Direct Object:
receives the action of the verb.
Gerund as Direct Object
1.I love going out to the
restaurants.
Gerund as Direct Object
1.I love going out to the
restaurants.
Gerund as Direct Object
1.My brother avoids cooking
rice.
Gerund as Direct Object
1.My brother avoids cooking
rice.
Identify the gerunds or gerund phrases in the following
sentences, then state its functions.

1. Swimming is fun.
2. Studying English is important.
3. I like swimming.
4. She enjoys cooking.
5.Eating junk food is unhealthy.
6. My parents completed building their dream
house.
7. I like writing in English.
8. Talking is not allowed during the exam.
9. Coleman hates biting his nails.
10. Billy hates riding his bike with a helmet on.
Predicate nominative:

is a word or phrase that follows a linking

verb (is, was, were, are) and describes the
subject.
Gerund as Predicate Nominative

1. Generosity is giving more

than you can.
2. Pride is taking what you
need.
Appositive:
is a noun or noun phrase that
renames the noun right beside it.
Gerund as Appositive
1. His interest, playing musical
instruments, spans various
genres.
Gerund as Appositive
2. My goal, becoming a
professional chef, requires years
of training.
Note!
Appositives are separated from the
other words in the sentenced by
commas (,).
Object of the preposition:
the noun or pronoun that comes after
the preposition
 List of Prepositions
in to since of
on about during above
at before like below
for after as into
with till between inside
Gerund as Object of Preposition

1. The medicine must be taken

before eating breakfast.
2. They are committed to
helping those in need.
Activity!
Identify the gerunds or gerund phrase in the
following sentences, then state the functions of
the gerund or gerund phrase used. Write your
answer in the space provided.
__________1. She is good at
swimming.
________2. I love watching
movies.
________3. The highlight of the party
was dancing.
________4. Her job, journalizing, is
not easy.
________5. His hobby is singing.
________ 6.
Psychology, studying the human
mind, has become a popular major at university
recently.
_______7. The challenge, learning a new
language, excited her.
8. My hobby, dancing, is a great
exercise.
________9. She cannot decide about going
on the date.

________10. She likes going to the cinema

on Sundays.
Assignment!
On your assignment notebook, transform the
following verbs into gerunds or gerund phrases,
then construct your own sentences using them in
the functions suggested.
1.Clean 6. Ask
2.Talk 7. Cook
3.Bake 8. Eat
4.Shout 9. Learn
5.Accept 10. Read
Thank you for listening!