LESSON 5:

ENRICHING DATA
THROUGH OBSERVATION
AND INTERVIEWS

Prepared by:
MS. CHARIZ JOY R. PATAYAN
Questions to Ponder:

1. Why is it necessary to use the right

method or instrument for a particular
task?
Questions to Ponder:

2. Do you think devices and tools

always work to the benefit of the
user?
Questions to Ponder:

3. Do you agree that not all

instruments or tools are physical?
Questions to Ponder:

4. In a research study, why do you

think there is a need for the use of
specific research tools?
Questions to Ponder:

5. What cam happen if a researcher’s

methods and instruments are not
prepared meticulously?
OBSERVATION

Observation is a preferred tool for

collecting data where the use of interviews
and questionnaires are not possible, such as
when the study participants are very young
children and those with disabilities.
OBSERVATION

* In covert research, the fact that they are

observed is not known to the participants.
* In overt research, the participants are
informed about the observation taking
place.
TYPES OF OBSERVATION
1.Structured Observation – involves by a careful
definition of the units to be observed.
2. Unstructured Observation – observer does not hold
any list of the items to be observed.
3. Participant Observation - happens when the observer
is member of the group which he is observing.
4. Non-participant Observation - occurs when observer
is observing people without giving any information to
them.
OBSERVATION
Advantages:
1.It is the most direct measure of behavior.
2. It provides direct information.
3. It is easy to complete and is efficient.

Disadvantages:
2.It may require training.
2. It is susceptible to bias.
3. Observer’s presence may create an artificial situation.
INTERVIEW

An interview is a personal conversation between two or

more people which constitute the target population for
the purpose of collecting information for a research
project.
TYPES OF INTERVIEW
1. Structured Interview: a set of pre-decided questions
are there.
2. Unstructured Interview: does not follow a system of
predetermined questions.
3. Semi-structured Interview: combination of structured
and unstructured interview.
4. Focused Interview: attention is focused on the given
experience of the respondent and its possible effects.
TYPES OF INTERVIEW
5. Clinical Interviews :concerned with broad
underlying feelings or motivations or with the course of
an individual’s life experience.
6. Group Interviews :a group of 6 to 8 individuals is
interviewed.
7. Individual Interviews : interviewer meets a single
person and interviews him.
8. Selection Interviews : done for selection of people
for certain Jobs.
 HOW TO RECORD AN INTERVIEW
1.Taking notes
2. Audio recordings
3. Video recordings
 OTHER WAYS TO INTERVIEW
1.Telephone interviews
2. Video link interviews like Skype, etc.
3. Audio link like VoIP, etc.
4. Email
INTERVIEW
ADVANTAGES
1.Interviews are flexible
2.Ability to follow up and clarify misunderstandings about questions

DISADVANTAGES
3.Interviews are time consuming
2. Interviews can be unreliable, misleading
3. Interviews require good social skills
4. Interviews are not appropriate for making generalizations.
SEATWORK:

I. Imagine a situation wherein you need to do an interview.

Choose your own setting and target person/people. Write it
on a one whole sheet of paper and explain why you choose
that target and setting.

II. Write example of questions that you will ask the

respondent/s.
 THANK YOU!

Don’t stop when you are tired. Stop when you are done.