INTRODUCTION OF FOUR STROKE

ENGINE
Engine: An engine is motor which converts chemical energy into
mechanical energy
Fuel/petrol engine: A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in
North America) is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition,
designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.
Four stroke engine: A four-stroke engine (also known as four-cycle) is
an internal combustion engine in which the piston completes four
separate strokes which comprise a single thermodynamic cycle. A
stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either
direction
FOUR STROKE ENGINE
• Four stroke cycle engine s is working at completed four stroke of the piston or
two revoluation of the crank shaft it is called as four stroke engine
• Itis two types of valves is presented these are
• Inlet valve
• Exhaust valve
• Four stroke petrol engine working at the four types of stroke
• Suction stroke
• Compression stroke
• Power stroke or expansion stroke
• Exhaust stroke
OTTO CYCLE
• In 1862 a German engineer
Nikolaus CYCLE Augustus Otto
began experimenting with
different kinds of engines. His
first experiment was conducted
on a 4-stroke engine. 10 years
later he introduced to the world
the Otto engine. The 4-stroke
engine consists of a 4 stroke
cycle better known as the Otto
cycle.
OTTO CYCLE PROCESS
• OTTO CYCLE Each movement of the cylinder up or down the cylinder
is one stroke of the four stroke combustion cycle or Otto cycle. The
four stroke cycle consists of suction stroke compression stroke
ignition/power stroke exhaust stroke A single cycle requires two
revolutions of the crankshaft to complete.
SUCTION STROKE
• Suction Stroke (Intake) : During a suction
stroke the piston moves downward by
the engine crankshaft either by the
momentum of flywheel and or the
electric motor or the starter motor.
During this stroke piston moves
downward and creates a vaccum inside
the combustion chamber. Inlet valve
(Intake valve) opens during this stoke
allowing the air fuel mixture to enter the
combustion chamber. Here the fuel is
petrol mixed with air broken up into a
mist and partially vaporized in the
carburettor
COMPRESSION STROKE
• Compression Stroke : During this
stroke piston moves upward and
compresses the charge. The heat
produced by the compression
makes more homogeneous
mixture of air and petrol inside
the cylinder. This heat makes it
easier to burn. During this stroke
both valves remain closed.
POWER OR EXHAUST STROKE
• During this stroke the mixture
under compression is ignited by
the spark that is produced by a
spark plug. The expansion of the
gases due to heat of the
combustion creates a pressure
on the piston and the cylinder
walls. During this stroke piston
moves downward. Both valves
remain closed during this stroke.
EXHAUST STROKE
• During this stroke the inlet valve remains
closed and the exhaust valve remains
open. During this stroke piston moves
upward and pushes the burnt gases out
through exhaust valve. Only a small
amount of exhaust gases remain in the
clearance space which gets diluted with
the fresh incoming charge during a next
suction stroke. In this type of engine four
strokes of piston are required to complete
the cycle.. Four strokes make two
revolutions of the crankshaft. Each
alternative revolution of the crankshaft
has one power stroke. A power stroke
consist of above mentioned cycles.
THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS
ANALYSIS
ADVANTAGES OF FOUR STROKE
PETROL ENGINE
• Less fuel consumption.
• Thermal efficiency is more.
• More volumetric efficiency.
• Less wear and tear.
DISADVANTAGES OF FOUR STROKE
PETROL ENGINE
• More components.
• Separate valve mechanism is
required.
• More cost.
• More complicated design.
APPLICATIONS OF FOUR STROKE
PETROL ENGINE
• The four stroke version is generally used for larger applications and is
the most common type of engine used in automobiles today.
• This type of engine is an ingenious and practical design that has
powered millions of vehicles. It produces a large amount of power in
an efficient and effective manner. It also generally produces less
pollution and lasts longer than a two stroke engine. The engine was
created by Nikolas Otto in the mid 1800s, and in his honor, it's
sometimes known as the Otto Engine. The four main strokes or steps
that make up the cycle are intake, compression, combustion, and
exhaust, which is sometimes called the Otto cycle.
LUBRICATION OF FOUR STROKE
PETROL ENGINE
• Four-stroke engines are lubricated by oil held in an oil sump. The oil is
distributed through the engine by splash lubrication or a pressurized
lubrication pump system; these systems may be used alone or
together
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 4 STROKE AND
2 STROKE PETROL ENGINE
FOUR STROKE ENGINE TWO STROKE ENGINE
• One cycle completed in every 2 • One cycle completed in every revolution of
revolution of crankshaft crankshaft
• More moving parts • Less moving parts
• Less maintenance
• More maintenance
• Light in weight
• Heavy in weight
• Less expensive
• More expensive
• Less pollution
• Produce more pollution
• Short engine life
• Long engine life • Required a mix of oil to lubricate the
• Not required crankshaft
• Complex design • Simpler desig
CONCLUSION
• Further increase of power and torque
• Further size and weight reductions
• Further improved fuel economy
• Further reduced emissions
• Further reduced manufacturing cost