EFFECTIVE RISK

ASSESSMENT
“Practical Guide for a Better
Understanding”
Mini Course – 25 September 2022

Muchammad Ali Lukman

RISK ASSESSMENT RELATED FAILURE

Source: Multiple Incident Analysis, Audits, & Assessments

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

WHAT IS RISK ASSESSMENT?
“The overall process or method where you identify hazards that have the potential to cause harm, evaluate the risk with that
hazard, and determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated”

TASK RISK ASSESSMENT / JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT

PROCESS HAZARD ANALYSIS:

HAZOP / HAZID / LOPA / QRA … HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
Source: ISO 17776:2016

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

EFFECTIVE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION(1)

APPROPRIATE PERSONNEL

3 Keys to Effective ADEQUATE INFORMATION

Hazard Identification

CHECKLIST / GUIDEWORDS

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

EFFECTIVE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION(2)
APPROPRIATE PERSONNEL

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

EFFECTIVE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION(3)
ADEQUATE INFORMATION

People Equipment Material Environment

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

EFFECTIVE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION(4)
CHECKLIST / GUIDEWORDS

“Checklist / Guidewords are important element of a hazard identification, and should be sufficiently comprehensive to stimulate
identification of hazards and discussion, while avoiding the possibility of being too onerous for the stage of development”

CHECKLIST : Extensive list of hazards which can be encountered in the

industries

GUIDEWORDS : Set of words / phrases to create the projection of an

undesired event that might happen or deviation of the design /
process intent.

Source: ISO 17776:2016

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

HAZARD CHECKLIST
DAFTAR PERIKSA BAHAYA
Cairan mudah terbakar Perkakas tangan Suhu udara panas
Gas mudah terbakar Perkakas listrik Suhu udara dingin
Padatan mudah terbakar Benda tajam H2S
Bahan peledak Bahaya terjepit Asbestos
Gas bertekanan Bahaya terhimpit Bahan kimia berbahaya
Cairan bertekanan Bahaya terpeleset Hewan buas
Operasi hiperbarik Bahaya tersandung Serangga
Dekompresi Bahaya terkantuk Bakteri
Bekerja di ketinggian > 2 m Hujan deras Virus
Bekerja di ketinggian < 2 m Api terbuka Penanganan barang manual
Bahaya benda jatuh Listrik Postur tubuh
Benda dalam tegangan Petir Pekerjaan berulang
Benda dalam tekanan Elektrostatis Kekurangan oksigen
Transportasi darat Radioaktif Padatan debu
Transportasi laut NORM Uap las
Transportasi udara Kebisingan Asap mesin
Bahaya benturan kapal Getaran Kedalaman air
Benda dengan bagian
bergerak atau berputar Pencahayaan Durasi kerja (kelelahan)

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

EFFECTIVE RISK EVALUATION(1)
PROBABILITAS (KEMUNGKINAN)

DAMPAK BAHAYA (KEPARAHAN) 1 2 3 4 5

Level
0% < x < 20% 20% < x < 40% 40% < x < 60% 60% < x < 80% 80% < x < 100%

Manusia Lingkungan Aset (Biaya) Reputasi < 10-6 per tahun 10-6 - 10-4 per tahun 10-4 - 10-2 per tahun 10-4 - 1 per tahun > 1 per tahun

Sangat serius, dampak

lingkungan jangka Kerugian sangat besar Berdampak secara 5
Kematian Ganda panjang, tumpahan > US$ 5 M internasional & nasional Bencana 5 10 15 20 25
minyak > 100 bbls

Kematian Tunggal / Serius, dampak

Cacat Permanen / lingkungan jangka Kehilangan besar Berdampak secara 4
Cedera Hilang Waktu menengah, tumpahan > US$ 1 - 5 M regional Signifikan 4 8 12 16 20
Kerja (LTI) minyak > 15 - 100 bbls

Menengah, dampak Berdampak secara lokal

Terbatasnya Pekerjaan lingkungan jangka Kehilangan sedang 3
(RWC) pendek, tumpahan > US$ 100 K – 1 M (kotamadya /
Sedang 3 6 9 12 15
minyak 5 - 15 bbls kabupaten)

Kecil, dampak
lingkungan kecil, Kehilangan kecil 2
Tindakan Medis (MTC) tumpahan minyak 1 - < 5 US$ 10 K - 100 K Berdampak internal
Kecil 2 4 6 8 10
bbls

Terbatas, dampak
Cedera Ringan (First Aid) lingkungan tidak Kehilangan sangat kecil Tidak ada dampak 1
signifikan, tumpahan < US$ 10 K reputasi Tidak Signifikan 1 2 3 4 5
minyak < 1 bbls

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

EFFECTIVE RISK EVALUATION(2)
“All activities shall be done in accordance to the risk acceptance criteria
which is ALARP”

RISK EVALUATION METHOD

QUALITATIVE

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE

CarrotDiagram QUANTITATIVE
ALARP stands for “as low as reasonably
practicable”
EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”
RISK ASSESSMENT TYPE BASED ON RISK EVALUATION METHOD

Source: HSE UK Guidance on Risk Assessment for Offshore Installations

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

EFFECTIVE CONTROL MEASURES(1)

ELIMINATION

SUBTITUTION
EFFECTIVENESS

ENGINEERING

ADMINISTRATIVE

PPE

HIERARCHY OF CONTROL

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

EFFECTIVE CONTROL MEASURES(2)
INHERENTLY SAFER DESIGN & BARRIERS

PREVENTION BARRIERS MITIGATION BARRIERS

UNDESIRED
HAZARD CONSEQUENCE
EVENT

INHERENTLY SAFER

ELIMINATION ENGINEERING CONTROL ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL PPE

SUBTITUTION

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

CASE STUDY(1)
TANK CLEANING
APPROPRIATE PERSONNEL
Skill Tank Cleaning Technician
Knowledge Engineer
Reps. Plant Operator
Facilitator Trained for RA Technique
ADEQUATE INFORMATION
People • No. of Personnel Involved
• Work Method
• Work Duration
Equipment Tank Cleaning Equipment
Material Chemical Used
Environment • Tank Design
• Tank Operational Data
• Fluids Inside the Tank

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

CASE STUDY(2)

TOXIC EXPOSED TO
FATALITY
CHEMICAL TOXIC CHEMICAL

SEVERITY 4
PROBABILITY 5
SEVERITY 2
LESS HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL STD. SPRAY GUN PROBABILITY 2

FORCED VENTILATION

SEVERITY 3 TANK CLEANING SOP SEVERITY 3 WORK DURATION LIMITATION

PROBABILITY 5 PROBABILITY 2
COMPETENT TECHNICIAN RESCUE PLAN

SCBA & HAZMAT SUIT

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

QUESTION

EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT: “Practical Guide for a Better Understanding”

THANK YOU!