Mechanics of Soft Materials

Tuesday, Thursday 5:15-6:30 PM

 Axi-symmetric loading of an elastic half-space

Concentrated normal force, point loading:

r0 P r0
v z 0
x
z  d
Rz r

Zz

z biharmonic equation in  r ,  , z  co-ordinates

  2 1   2    2 1   2 
 2  2  2   2 0
 r r r z   r r r z 
 Solution of the Biharmonic Equation

stress components displacements components

P   1 z  3 zr 2  P  rz   z
Rr  1  2  2  2   5  u   1  2  
2  r r    4   3 r 
P   P  z 2 21   
   1  2  12  z 2  z3  v 
4   3

 

2 r r  
3P z 3
Zz  
2  5
At the surface, i.e. at z  0
3P rz 2
Rz  
2  5 P  1
u z 0   1  2  
4  r
P  2 1    
v z 0   
4  r 
 The stress and the displacement for a distributed load on a circular area of radius a :

distributed load acting on the surface area S

p , 
O
S
Normal load at point C  , 
B x , y  p
r qy surface depression at a location B x, y  ?
qx
 x

z C  ,  stress distribution at this interior point ?

y 
Let’s change to a polar coordinate with origin at B
Ax, y, z 
elemental area at C s,   is given as  s d  ds
z
pressure acting at this element is equivalent to force

ps ds d
Differential vertical deformation at B:
P  2 1     1
v   dv  p  s,   sdsd
4  r  s 2 s
The deformation at B, due to the distribution of load over the whole area S is given by
1 1 2
integrating over the whole area v z 0    p  s,   dsd    p  s,   dsd
2 S  E S 

General formula which will be used for various pressure distributions

Pressure Applied to a circular region: Uniform Pressure: p 0

Point B lies within the circle at a distance r from the center. S s

C s,  
The differential area at C:  s d  ds. a

The force exerted on this area: p0  s d  ds O Br ,0 
1 2
The net deformation at B: v z  0  p 0   dsd
E S 

s varies with  s is solution of the following equation

a 2  (r  s cos  ) 2   s sin  
2
 increases from 0 to p
S s1 Solution of the quadratic equation:
a C s,    
s1, 2   r cos   r 2 cos 2   a 2  r 2 
1/ 2

 
O Br ,0 
So the vertical deformation at B:

1 2
 
1/2
s2 v z 0  p0  2 a 2  r 2 sin 2  d
E 0

 
4 1   2 p0 a  /2  r 2 
1/2

     d
2
1 sin
E 0 
a 2




4 1   2 p0 a  E r / a 
Complete elliptic integral of the
E second kind with modulus r / a 

r  0, E  0    / 2

 

4 1   2 p0 a   

2 1   2 p0 a
z 0
E 2 E
 

4 1   2 p0 a E r / a 
z 0
E
4 1   2  p0 a
At r  a, E 1  1  v z 0 
E

Mean displacement of the loaded circle: v z  0 

 
16 1   2 p 0 a
(verify this result)
3E

Tangential displacement at B due to the differential load at C:

1  2 1    ps ds d
S s1 2 E s
a C  s,  
  Axial symmetry  displacement tangential to the surface
O Br ,0   Radial

Radial component of this displacement:

s2
u z 0 
1  2 1    ps ds d cos 
2 E s
Total radial displacement due to the whole load

1  2 1    p 2
   cos  d
1/2
u z 0   r cos   a 2  r 2 sin 2 
2 E 0


1  2 1    pr
ra
2E

Point B lies outside the area of application of the load

We want to find out deformation at B(r,0) due to load  sd  ds at C

C  s,   s2
s
s1 a

Br ,0  O

s varies from s1 to s2 : solution of the equation: a 2  (r  s cos  ) 2   s sin  

2
 varies between 1 to 1 C  s,   s2
1 

t a
s1
Br ,0  O
1
S

So the vertical deformation at B(r,0) due to the load whole through the circular area:
1 1/2
1 2
 r  2
v z 0  p0 a  2 1  2 sin 2   d
E 1 
a 

To be noted: r sin   a sin  C  s,   s2

1 
As  varies between 1 to 1 
a
s1
Br ,0  O
  1
 varies between  to S
2 2
Change the variable from  to 
 /2
1 2 a 2 cos 2 
v z 0 
E
4 p0 
0  a 2

1/2
d
r 1  2 sin 2  
 r 

 2 
 a 
 /2 1/2 1 2
1 2
  a 2
 r 
v z 0  4 p0 r   1  2 sin 2    1/2 
d
E 0 
r   a 2
 
  1  2
sin 2
  
  r  
1 2   a2  
 4 p0 r  E  a / r   1  2  K  a / r   ra
E   r  

complete elliptic integral of the first kind

complete elliptic integral of the second kind

The tangential displacement at B is radial: u z 0 
1  2 1    p0 a2
, ra
2E r


1  2 1    P
2 rE
Tangential displacement outside the loaded is the same as
though the whole load is concentrated at the center of the circle.
 1 / 2 S s1
 t2  a C  s,  
The pressure distribution: p  p 0 1  2  t s
 a   
O Br ,0 
t 2  r  s cos    s sin    r 2  s 2  2rs cos 
2 2

p as a function of s and 
1 / 2
a t 
 p 0 a a  r  2rs cos   s 
2 2
ps,    p 0  2
 2 2 2 1 / 2

 a 
1 1 2
v z 0 
2 S  p  s,   dsd   E   p  s,   dsd
S

1 2
  p a  a 
1/2
 2
 r  2rs cos   s
2 2
dsd
E S
0

s varies from 0 to s1   and  varies from 0 to 2p

 2 s1
1 2
p0 a  d   a  r  2rs cos   s  ds
1/2
 v z 0  2 2 2

E 0 0

s1 is estimated as, s1   r cos   a 2  r 2 sin 2 

After integration

1 2
v z 0  p0 a
E

Independent of radius: constant vertical displacement

whole through the area of application of load
a
2tp 0
Total load exerted on the surface of elastic half space, P dt  2a 2 p 0
0 t2
1 2
a
1 2 P which produces
v z 0 
E 2a
Point B lies outside the loaded region. Vertical deformation at B
2 1   2  a 1
v z 0  p0 a sin  
E r

1/ 2
 t2 
We can consider also following pressure distribution p  p 0 1  2 
 a 
2a 2
a
t2
S s1 Total load on the area P  2tp 0  1  2 dt 
a 3
p0
C  s,  
0
a t s
  Deformation at a point B within the loaded region r  a :
O Br ,0  2 s1
1   2 p0
  a 
1/ 2
v z 0  2
 r 2  2rs cos   s 2 dsd
E a 0 0

After some derivation steps

2
1   2 p0  1   2  p0
 0 d 4  a  r sin    E 4a  2a  r 
2 2 2 2 2
v z 0
E a
Tangential displacement at B, which must be radial
2 s1
1  2 1    ps ds d cos 
u z 0  
0 0
2E s
1  2 1    p 0 2 s
1

       ds d
2 2 2
cos a r 2 rs cos s
2Ea 0 0

After integration


1  2 1    p0 a 2   r 2 3/2 
u z 0 1  1  2   ra
3E r   a  