FOUNDATIONS

OF BIOLOGY I:
BIOL1951

WEEK’S TOPIC:
DNA
REPLICATION

WEEK 5  Deoxyribonucleic acid

MONDAY
 Announcements

• Midterm 1 key and grades ASAP

• Team project progress update 2 this Friday

 DNA structure and replication

Rosalind Franklin Watson and Crick Meselson and Stahl

 DNA structure

The basic unit of DNA is the nucleotide

5’
4’ 1’
3’ 2’
 DNA structure

5’

5’ 3’

5’
3’ 3’
DNA structure

https://
www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/ho
w-dna-packaged

Subtitles:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=u5youCdmuqE
DNA Replication

Semiconservative

Conservative

Dispersive
DNA Replication

Meselson and Stahl

DNA Replication

Meselson and Stahl

 Guided Inquiry 1

Work with your team

Open “Week 5 Guided Inquiry 1”

Questions A-C: label the picture in your screen or whiteboard

Be prepared to discuss your answers

 A B C

n n n n n n
rt ge ge rt ge ge rt ge ge
a a sta
st nd
st st
1 nd
2 st st
1 nd
2 1 2

Light DNA

Mixed DNA

Heavy DNA

Conservative Replication Dispersive Replication 14

N start, switch to 15N
 DNA Replication

DNA replication = genome duplication, necessary for cell

division.

DNA replication must be done quickly and with high fidelity

PCR is an in vitro form of DNA replication; many similarities:

-Primers are needed to give a 3’ –OH

-DNA only synthesized in the 5’  3’ direction

DNA Replication
 DNA Replication

• Electron micrographs of DNA replicating

http://easylifescienceworld.com/
https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~frist/PLNT3140/l12/l12.1.html
DNA Replication
 DNA Replication

Helicase and
Topoisomerase
 DNA Replication

Primase
DNA Replication
 DNA Replication

3’
5’

3’
5’ 5’
3’
3’
3’
3’ 5’
5’
3’
5’
5’

3’
5’ 5’3’
3’
 DNA Replication

Watch DNA replication:

https://
www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resourc
es/dna-replication-advanced-detail
Subtitles:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yZ8jfEu7T8
 Guided Inquiry 2

Work individually, then with your team

Open “Week 7 Guided Inquiry 2”

Add a consensus picture to your screen or whiteboard

Be prepared to discuss your pictures

 DNA Replication

Telomerase:
 DNA Replication

Telomerase:
 DNA Mutation

A mutation alters the DNA sequence of a genome; 2 basic types:

- A base can be changed (point mutation or base substitution)

- One or more base pairs can be added or removed (addition

or deletion)

Mutations in genes can affect traits.

Mutations are usually neutral, sometimes deleterious, and can

rarely be advantageous.
DNA  RNA  Protein
DNA Mutation
Protein encoding genes / genome
DNA Mutation

Addition or deletion of
multiple base pairs:
Can be a frameshift
mutation if the addition
or deletion is not a
multiple of three
 CRISPR mutants in Arabidopsis

exon
intron
1 20 40 60
A R D V P E S I A M D Y I G
At4g15940 AAGCTAGAGA TGTACCTGAA TCAATAGCCA TGGATTACAT TGGAGGTATT TCAATGTATA
mutant#1 AAGCTAGAGA TGTAA..... .......CCA TGGATTACAT TGGAGGTATT TCAATGTATA
mutant#2 AAGCTAGAGA TGTACCTGAA TCA....... .......... .......... .......ATA
mutant#3 AAGCTAGAGA TGTACCTGAA TCC....CCA TGGATTACAT TGGAGGTATT TCAATGTATA

Which mutations cause a frameshift?

DNA Mutation
DNA Mutation
DNA Mutation
DNA Mutation
DNA Mutation
DNA Mutation