MENDELIAN

GENETICS
MODULE 4
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

1. discuss Mendelian Genetics;

2. solve and predict Mendelian phenotypic and genotypic
expression of traits in a monohybrid cross;
3. solve and predict Mendelian phenotypic and genotypic
expression of traits in a dihybrid cross; and
4. predict phenotypic expressions of traits following simple
patterns of inheritance.
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 GENETICS- branch of biology that
VOCABOLARY deals with heredity and variation of
organisms.
UNLOCK

HEREDITY - is the study of how traits

are passed on from parents to offsprings.

VARIATION - different form or version

of something.
 GREGOR MENDEL

-is an Austrian monk. He spent his time in

investigating how individual traits were
inherited.
-Through his research on garden peas, a new
branch of science was formed, it is called
Genetics.
-He is known as the Father of Genetics.
 MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
-He used the garden peas (Pisum sativum) in his experiments
because it has several or 7 traits to be studied.

1. Seed 2. Seed
color Shape
 MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
-He used the garden peas (Pisum sativum) in his experiments
because it has several traits to be studied.

3.Seed 4. Pod
coat color
color
 MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
-He used the garden peas (Pisum sativum) in his experiments
because it has several traits to be studied.

5.Pod 6. Flower
Shape position
 MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
-He used the garden peas (Pisum sativum) in his experiments
because it has several traits to be studied.

7.Height
MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
-He began cross polinating peas with contrasting traits.
The starting of breeding or the pure breeding plants were
called parental or P1 generation.
MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
The Parental or P1 generation.
MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
-The result of the pure breeding is called the F1 or Filial
generation. This was also called hybrids because it
resulted from a cross between two pure-bred plants with
different traits.
MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
The F1 generation.
 MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
-When F1 generation (hybrid) crossed with each other and
produced another type of offspring called the second filial
generation F2.
MENDEL’S
EXPERIMENT
The second filial generation F2
 MENDEL’S HYPOTHESIS

He hypothesized that the appearance of traits was controlled from the

factors called Genes. Then each trait is controlled by alleles.
GENES - unit of hereditary information.
ALLELES- different version of genes
MENDELIAN PRINCIPLES OF
HEREDITY

1. The Law of
Dominance
2. Law of Segregation
 -states that in every organism, there is
LAW OF a pair of factors or genes which
control the appearance of a particular
DOMINAN trait.
-One allele is a dominant trait, while
CE
Example: the other is a recessive trait.
-The dominant traits hide or mask the
appearance of the recessive trait.
-The dominant trait is represented by
a big letter and a small letter for the
recessive trait.
P p = Pp
Another
example
Homozygous or homozygote -are pairs of
alleles which are identical.
Heterozygous or heterozygote- the pair of
alleles which are not identical.

Example:
RR – homozygous genes
Rr - heterozygous genes
Genotype- The pair of genes or alleles is the genetic
makeup for a particular trait of an organism.
Phenotype -the observable trait or the visible trait of an
organism based on the genotype
LAW OF
SEGREGAT -states that all pairs of genes for
all the traits of an organism
ION segregate or separate from each
other during meiosis or
gametes (sex cells) formation.
 PUNNET SQUARE

Reginald C. Punnett is the one who devised the

Punnett square.
-This is a simple way to determine the possible
combinations of genes in a given cross.
 PUNNET SQUARE
-a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross
between two individuals with known genotypes are given.
PUNNET SQUARE
Genotype:
AA- Homozygous seed
color yellow
Aa- Heterozygous seed
color yellow
aa- Homozygous seed
color green
PUNNET SQUARE

Phenotype:
3 seed color yellow
1 seed color green

Phenotypic ratio: 3:1

Genotype:
Description:
Phenotype:
Phenotype Ratio:
A green pea plant (GG) is being crossed with a
green pea plant (Gg).

Genotype:
Description:
Phenotype:
Phenotype Ratio:
ANSWER ACTIVITY!!