GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE RISKS

AND DTM:
WHAT SHOULD DTM ENUMERATORS
KNOW?

COUNTRY/LOCATION

DATES
Part 1

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Learning objectives
1. Be able to differentiate between Sex and Gender
2. Define GBV
3. Identify forms of GBV, root causes, contributing
factors and consequences of GBV
4. Understand how emergencies can exacerbate
GBV risks

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Activity

• Divide into 2 groups

In a flip chart
• Group one: Identify personality traits, attributes, and
roles that are often associated with women.
• Group two: Identify personality traits, attributes,
and roles that are often associated with men

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Sex vs. Gender
Sex
Physical/ biological differences
between females and males
Determined by biology
Does not change (without
surgical intervention)
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM
Gender
Social differences between
males and females
Determined by social factors –
history, culture, tradition,
societal norms, religion
Involves the socialization for
boys and girls, and men and
women and can change over
time.
“GBV = rape, right?”
Rape is a form of GBV but so are:
• Sexual violence that does not end up in rape
• Domestic violence/Intimate Partner Violence
• Harmful traditional practices
• Forced/early/child marriage
• Denial of resources or opportunities
• Sexual harassment
• Sexual exploitation
• Sex-selective abortion
• Some forms of trafficking
• etc….

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Gender-Based Violence (GBV)

Gender-based Violence (GBV) is an umbrella

term for any harmful act that is perpetrated
against a person’s will and that is based on
socially ascribed (i.e. gender) differences
between males and females. It includes acts
that inflict physical, sexual or mental harm or
suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and
other deprivations of liberty. These acts can
occur in public or in private.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM
Understanding GBV- Exercise
In small groups, identify:

• Root causes for GBV

• Specific risk factors for GBV in your context?

- What increases the likelihood of GBV
occurring?

• Consequences of different forms of GBV?

- Physical, social, economic, psychological?

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Consequences
of GBV

Forms of GBV

Root causes and

contributing
factors

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Root causes and contributing
factors of GBV

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Consequences of GBV

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Why does GBV occur in
emergencies?
• Pre-existing - exists independent of, or prior to
emergency or conflict

• Emergency-related - specific to/resulting from the

disaster or conflict

• Humanitarian-related - caused directly or indirectly

by humanitarian environment

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

How is GBV exacerbated in
emergencies?
• New threats/forms of GBV related to conflict
• Lack of privacy; overcrowding; lack of safe access to basic
needs
• Design of humanitarian aid heightens or introduces new GBV
risks
• Separation from family members; lack of documentation;
registration discrimination
• Breakdown of protective social mechanisms and norms
regulating behaviour
• Increased vulnerability and dependence; exploitation
• Introduction of new power dynamics, as with humanitarian
actors
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM
Can GBV happen to men and
boys?
• Gendered vulnerabilities can put ANYONE - men,
women, boys and girls - at heightened risk for
violence but not all violence is gender-based.
• In those cases where men and boys are exposed to
GBV humanitarians must ensure care and support
for all survivors.
• The contexts, causes, and consequences of
violence against women and girls/men and boys
are different. Risk analyses that take gender into
account are critical to inform programming.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Summary of GBV – Part 1
• GBV is rooted in gender and power inequalities that exist
outside of conflict or disaster but that can be
exacerbated by it.
• Additionally, there are particular ways that GBV can
manifest in an emergency context.
• Always assume that GBV is occurring.
• Obtaining prevalence data or “evidence” is NOT
advisable and NOT our role in an emergency.
• Because of under-reporting and the risks associated with
obtaining data, the priority is to establish prevention,
mitigation and response measures as soon as possible.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM
Part 2

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Learning objectives
• Understand the role of non-GBV specialists in GBV
prevention, mitigation and response
• Learn how to mainstream GBV in the DTM
• Become familiar with GBV related indicators and
their definitions
• Know how to safely and ethically respond to a GBV
disclosure and become familiar with the referral
mechanisms

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

 Roles and responsibilities
towards GBV
SPECIALIZED
GBV “MAINSTREAMING” PROGRAMMING:
all actors specialists
• Avoid creating or exacerbating • Direct service delivery
risks of GBV • Case management
• Reduce existing risks • GBV specialized psychosocial
• Understand and link to referral support
mechanisms for GBV survivors • Clinical care
• Applying core minimum • Legal support
standards into agency activities
• Economic reintegration

How to mainstream GBV in the DTM?

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

What a DTM enumerator should do to mainstream GBV

• Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV.

• Identifying risk factors and trends (through
indicators provided).
• Inform yourself about services available and on
what you should you come across a GBV survivor,
know the referral mechanisms in place and comply
with standards set in guidelines.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

1/ Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of
GBV

IOM Standards of Conduct

Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and

Abuse (PSEA) by aid workers

Do no harm

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

2/ Identifying risk factors and trends
through the indicators provided

Before starting: methodologies

• Choice of key informants

• Focus group discussions
• Importance of gender-balanced teams
• Importance of choosing the place and the time for DTM
assessments

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

The importance of SADD
• Sex and Age Disaggregated Data (SADD) are
important for all responders, including GBV actors

• Why collecting SADD? What can SADD tell us? Why

SADD are important for humanitarian actors including
GBV specialists?

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Indicators and definitions
The cards’ game

• Divide into 4 groups

• Match the term/word with the correct definition

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Indicators and definitions
The Site Assessment form
With your neighbour:
• Go through the site assessment form
• Identify all the indicators in the form that could
help specialized actors to identify risks of GBV
• Debriefing will take place in plenary

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

3/ Responding to a GBV
disclosure as a non-GBV specialist
• DTM enumerators should not look for individual
incidents or number of GBV cases
• However, in some cases it may happen that a GBV
incident is disclosed to you
• Anyone the survivor tells about his/her experience
has a responsibility to give honest and complete
information about services available.
• How to respectfully and supportively engage with
survivors and provide referral information in an
ethical, safe and confidential manner?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM
The survivor-centered approach

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

A Survivor-Centered response
Key Principles:
• Safety, Confidentiality, Non-discrimination, Respect
• The survivor should tell the story once, hopefully to
a specialist
• DO NO HARM
• Informed consent
• Access to specialized services

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

What are referrals?
• The processes by which a survivor gets in touch
with professionals and/or institutions regarding
his/her case

• AND

• The processes by which different professional

sectors communicate and work together, in a safe,
ethical and confidential manner, to provide the
survivor with comprehensive support
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM
What is a «referral pathway»?
• A flexible mechanism that safely links survivors
to supportive and competent services

• Can include any or all of the following: Health,

Psychosocial, Security and Protection,
Legal/Justice, and/or Economic Reintegration
support

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Example of referral pathways

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

In your mission/duty station:

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Part 3

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Scenario
What should you do?...
• You are a DTM enumerator. You are visiting an IDP
site. While you are there a little girl runs over to
you and tells you that her mother has been
attacked earlier that morning. She takes you to see
the woman who seems highly distressed.

• What should you do?...

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Ask if the woman is hurt?

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Checking if a survivor has any immediate medical
needs is a first step in response.

• Listen to their needs: e.g. “You seem to be in a lot

of pain right now, would you like to go to the health
clinic? We can continue talking afterwards.”

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Ask for details of what happened?

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• The details of what happened and by whom are not
important or relevant to your role in listening and
providing information on available services.
• Without proper training to interview survivors of
rights abuses, staff should never attempt to
interview or gain further information about an
incident.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Ask who is responsible for attacking her?

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• The details of what happened and by whom are not
important or relevant to your role in listening and
providing information on available services.

• Without proper training to interview survivors of

rights abuses, staff should never attempt to
interview or gain further information about an
incident.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Ask survivor for details of when and where it
happened.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• The details of what happened and by whom are not
important or relevant to your role in listening and
providing information on available services.

• Without proper training to interview survivors of

rights abuses, staff should never attempt to
interview or gain further information about an
incident.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Ask what specific help/assistance she needs.
• Ask if she is happy for you to contact someone to
get support or help.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Trying to help a survivor access appropriate services
(medical; counseling; legal) is an important step.
• Staff should be provided with a list of services that can be
referred to in the area they are working.
• Communicate detailed information about the available
resource/service including how to access it, relevant times
and locations, focal points at the service etc..
• You must ask the survivor for informed consent before
contacting any service providers.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Give the person contact information for health,
counseling or other relevant services.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• If the survivor is not comfortable with you contacting service providers
on their behalf you can provide them with contact information of
service providers that may be able to help them.
• DO ask if there is someone, a friend, family member, caregiver or
anyone else, that they trust that they can go to for support.
• DO offer your phone or communication device, if you feel safe doing so,
to the survivor to contact someone they trust.
• Do not share information about the survivor or their experience to
anyone without explicit and informed consent of the survivor. Do not
record details of the incident or personal identifiers of the survivor.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Don’t say anything at the time, but later call the
police from somewhere private and safe.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• You should not call the police on behalf of the survivor
unless they have requested that you do so and have
provided informed consent.
• DO NOT share the details of the incident and personal
identifiers of the survivor with anyone. This includes the
survivor’s family members, police/security forces,
community leaders, colleagues, supervisors, etc. Sharing
this information can lead to more harm for the survivor.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Write the details of the case on the DTM form

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• You should NEVER write the details of an individual
incident in the DTM form.

• DO NOT write anything down, take photos of the

survivor, record the conversation on your phone or
other device, or inform others including the media.

WHY?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM
• Report the incident to your manager / Protection
staff member and ask for advice

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Without sharing any details you can share with your
manager or with a GBV/protection specialist that
you encountered a disclosure. Especially, if you
require further support on the appropriate way to
respond.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Do nothing if it is a domestic violence or
family/community matter.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Domestic violence is a serious offence in most
countries. You should provide the same support to
a survivor of domestic violence as any other human
rights violation.
• Ignoring domestic violence is not acceptable.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Check safety: your safety, the safety of other staff
members and the safety of the affected person and
the community.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

• Before taking any action you should check that you,
other staff, the survivor and the other community
members are safe.

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

Key messages
• Do no harm, safety and dignity should always be central to agency
responses to allegations or incidents of abuse
• DO NOT offer your own advice or opinion on the best course of action
or what to do next.
• DO NOT assume you know what someone wants or needs. Some actions
may put someone at further risk of stigma, retaliation, or harm.
• Remember that your role is to provide a listening ear and to share
accurate, up-to-date information on available services and let the
survivor make their own choices on what feels safe for them. Seeking
services is not always safe for a survivor and could lead to more harm.
• Always ensure your safety, the safety of your staff and of the survivor
and her/his community
• Agencies should have clear self-referral pathways and contact details for
specialist medical, legal, psychosocial and protection services, ensuring
this information is regularly updated and available to all staff.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM