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MATHEMATICS CLASSES

Topic: Profit & Loss | Ratio & Proportion

Objectives
• Understand the meaning of profit & loss
• Understand the meaning of ratio & proportion
• solve problems involving profit & loss
• solve problems involving ratio & proportion
Profit and loss percent;
•
Ratio and Proportion
•
Problems
• Suppose a shopkeeper has bought 1 kg of apples for 100 rs. And sold it for
120 rs per kg. How much is the profit gained by him? A. 20 rs B. 21 rs C. 30
rs D. 19 rs
• A man buys a fan for Rs. 1000 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the
selling price of the fan? A. 240 rs B. 710 rs C. 850 rs D. 1900 rs
• Given ratio are- a:b = 2:3 , b:c = 5:2, c:d = 1:4. Find a: b: c.
A. 10:15:6:24 B. 10:5:6:34 C. 5:5:6:24 D. 10:15:6:2
• The dimensions of the rectangular field are given. The length and breadth of
the rectangular field are 50 meters and 15 meters. What is the ratio of the
length and breadth of the field? A. 10:15 B. 10:5 C. 5:5 D. 10: 3
• Obtain a ratio of 90 centimetres to 1.5 meters. A. 10:1 B. 3:5 C. 5:9 D. 33:
5.
 Solutions
•
3) Multiplying the first ratio by 5, second by 3 and third by 6, we have
a:b = 10: 15
b:c = 15 : 6
c:d = 6 : 24

In the ratio’s above, all the mean terms are equal, thus
a:b:c:d = 10:15:6:24

4) Length of the rectangular field = 50 m

Breadth of the rectangular field = 15 m

Hence, the ratio of length to breadth = 50: 15

⇒ 50: 15 = 10: 3.
5) The given two quantities are not in the same units.

Convert them into the same units.

1.5 m = 1.5 × 100 = 150 cm

Hence, the required ratio is 90 cm: 150 cm

⇒ 90: 150 = 3: 5

Therefore, the ratio of 90 centimetres to 1.5 meters is 3: 5.

Conclusion;
• The profit is the amount gained by selling an article at a price greater
than its cost price. In contrast, the loss is the amount lost by selling an
article for less than its cost price.
• Note that Ratio defines the relationship between the quantities of two or
more objects. It is used to compare the quantities of the same kind.
• If two or more ratios are equal, then it is said to be in proportion.