Using Cohesive

Devices in Various
Types of Speeches
 Second
Activity

UNJUMBLE ME!
 Directions: Arrange the
jumbled words. Do this on
your notebook.
amtveiifmorn pehces
= informative speech
asuresviep ehescp
= persuasive speech
 eehcps orf eciaslp
ssinsccoao
=speech for special occassions
What is a speech?
 SPEECH
• it is meant to convey one’s thoughts or opinions, share
information with or spread awareness among a large number
of people.(Pearson & Longman)

• a good speech has clarity of thought and expression, accuracy

of facts and an unbiased view of issues.
 Different Kinds of Speeches
• Impromptu - This is delivered without any preparation or prior
planning.
l

• Extemporaneous - involves some preparation. The speaker has an

outline or notes but delivers the speech without reading from a script
word for word
l

• Memorized - This type of speech is completely memorized

beforehand.
k

• Manuscript - the speaker reads from a written manuscript or script

word for word.
• Speeches are also categorized according to the
speaker’s objective.

• The purpose of the speaker is clearly stated in his/ her

thesis statement.
 THESIS STATEMENT
- it states the topic of the speech and must convey your
opinion or your focus about the topic. (Simon & Schuster).

- it is also explained further in the body of the speech using

pieces of evidences derived from facts.
Kinds of Speeches According to their Purpose and
Features
1. Informative Speech
- The purpose is to define, explain, describe, or demonstrate.
Examples:
• describing the life cycle stages of an egg to a chicken
• explaining how to operate a camera
• demonstrating how to cook a side dish for a meal.
INFORMATIVE SPEECH
INFORMATIVE SPEECH
INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Kinds of Speeches According to their Purpose and
Features
2. Persuasive Speech
- They are given to reinforce people’s beliefs about a topic, to change their
beliefs about a topic, or to move them to act.

- When speaking persuasively, directly state what is good or bad and why near
the beginning of the speech.

- Since the purpose is to persuade, using logic or reasoning convince the

listeners of the point of view of the speaker.
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
 Kinds of Speeches According to their Purpose and
Features
3. Speech for Special Occasions
- are prepared for a specific occassion and for a specific purpose
dictated by that occasion (O’hair et al., 2007).

- it can be informative, persuasive or both depending on the

occassion.

- Two of the more common types of speeches for special occasions

are the speech of introduction and the speech of welcome.
 Speech for Special Occasions
a. Speech of Introduction
- It is a brief speech that provides the main speaker’s qualifications.

- This prepared the audience for the main speaker by establishing the
speaker’s credibility and helps make the speaker feel welcome.
Speech of Introduction
 Speech for Special Occasions
b. Speech of Welcome
- It acknowledges and greets a person or group of people.

- It expresses pleasure for the presence of the person or group.

- The purpose is to make the person or group feel welcome and to

provide information about the organization you represent.
Speech of Welcome
 SPEECH FORMAT
Beginning : A pre-speech note
: Salutation
: Occasion of speech
: Announcement of topic

Body : Reference to newspapers statistics, effects and results, arguments, etc.

Conclusion : Summing up of all points

: Conclude with a hope or an appeal or a warning
: End with a ‘Thank You’
Factors to Consider in Writing a Good Speech
(Thomas H. Neale, 2007)
COHESIVE DEVICES
 Cohesive devices are words or phrases that help to connect
your ideas and make your writing more coherent and logical.
They are also known as linking words, connectors, or
discourse markers.
 Different Cohesive Devices According to their
Function (Christopher Pell)
1. Addition
also and furthermore too in addition

Example:
For all factors presented above, we can safely draw the conclusion
that reading and writing are more important today than in the past.
Furthermore, we should pay more attention to improve our ability of
reading and writing. (Universidad de Murcia)
 Different Cohesive Devices According to their
Function (Christopher Pell)
2. Comparison

likewise similarly equally compared with like

Example:
A happy marriage is an ideal construct that is like a dream that
cannot be realized without hard work, creating a relationship and being
happy in the process of its creation. (Speech Guru)
 Different Cohesive Devices According to their
Function (Christopher Pell)
3. Contrast
in contrast instead on the contrary in comparison however

Example:
Some people think it is true because people need not read and write
in past. On the contrary, other people believe there is not big difference
between today and yesterday. (Universidad de Murcia)
 Different Cohesive Devices According to their
Function (Christopher Pell)
4. Exemplification
for example for instance to illustrate such as namely

Example:
Genetically modified foods production is less time-consuming than
conventional breeding. For example, Bacillus thuringiensis is a
bacterium that breeds crystal proteins that effectively kill insect larvae.
(Speech Guru)
 Different Cohesive Devices According to their
Function (Christopher Pell)
5. Sequence
first second next then after

Example:
First of all, stay focused on what you are doing. Start with a small
goal and fulfill it: go to a shop, take a short walk, or make a telephone
call. (Speech Guru)
 Different Cohesive Devices According to their
Function (Christopher Pell)
6. Effect
so therefore thus as a result

Example:
In the past days, people can teach each other by oral, therefore,
reading and writing is not as important as now. (Universidad de Murcia)
 Different Cohesive Devices According to their
Function (Christopher Pell)
7. Reformulation
in other words rather in simple terms put more simply

Example:
When a friend tells you a problem, do not respond that your problem
might be worse. In other words, do not invalidate her feelings.
 Different Cohesive Devices According to their
Function (Christopher Pell)
8. Highlight
in particular especially mainly above all

Example:
Depression is a hazardous state, especially when you allow it to
invade your body and mind. (Speech Guru)