Faculty of Computer Science

Introduction to Programming

Lecturer: Lutfullah “Haqnesar”

Introduction to Programming

Chapter 8

Array
 Introduction to Programming

Learning outcomes:
 Array
 Types array
 Advantages of Array
 Single Dimensional Array
 Multidimensional Array
 Arrays
• A group of similar types of elements that have contiguous
memory location is called as Array.
• In C++, array index starts from 0 and end to n-1. We can store
only fixed set of elements in an array.
 Advantages of Array

Code Optimization (less code)

Random Access

Easy to traverse data

Easy to manipulate data

Easy to sort data etc.

 Types of Array
There are 2 types of arrays in C++ programming:

1. Single Dimensional Array

2. Multidimensional Array
 1. Single Dimensional Array
 A One-Dimensional Array is the simplest form of an Array in
which the elements are stored linearly.
 The element of array can be accessed individually by
specifying the index value of each element stored in the array.
 Declaring Arrays
 To declare an array, the programmer specifies the type of the elements
and the number of elements required by an array.
Syntax:
type ArrayName [ ArraySize ];
 The arraySize must be an integer constant greater than zero and type
can be any valid C++ data type.
For example:
int myarr[10];
 Initializing Arrays
 We can initialize array elements either one by one or using a single
statement as follows −
int myarr[5] = {100, 2, 3, 17, 50};

 The number of values between braces { } can not be larger than the size
of array.

 Example to assign a single element of the array:

myarr[4] = 50;
 Accessing Array Elements
 An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by
placing the index of the element within square brackets after the name
of the array.
 For example
int salary = myarr[3];

 The above statement will take 10th element from the array and assign
the value to salary variable.
 Example

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int arr[5] ={10, 40, 20, 50, 30};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cout<<arr[i]<<"\n";
} }
 Multidimensional Arrays
• The multidimensional array is also known as rectangular
arrays in C++.
• It can be two dimensional or three dimensional.
• The data is stored in tabular form (row ∗ column) which is
also known as matrix.
 Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int test[3][2] = {{2, -5},
{4, 0},
{9, 1}};
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
cout << test[i][j] << endl;
}}}