Economics For

Managers
Meeting 15 of 16
Last Session to Final Exam

INVESTMENTS &
Economic Development
By
Prof. Dr. H. Firwan Tan, SE, M.Ec, DEA.Ing., CRBC

MM Degree in English, FEB UA, 2023

 “””With your investment.
You should enjoy a lifetime of financial security...... giving you the
opportunity to start drinking, smoking and eating more enjoyable
foods, feel like everything is going well and then pray”””

ROI > COST OF MONEY

Start investing early – even with small amounts :

***The eighth wonder of the world, according to Einstein, is compound

interest. That’s one of the reasons investing in equities is so powerful if
you reinvest dividends. Those who understand it earn it; those who don’t
pay it***
 Expected trend of Indonesian 2030
Competitive
Indonesia
Take off
economy in 2030 Advantages
To DC

2020
Investment

The
Government Comparative
must take an Advantages
initiative
to move on

2013
Comparative
Advantages Competitiveness
 Innovative and creative economy faster growth
Based
 Better research on
centres and professional staff
Technological
 Very productive of cooperation among local government
Innovation
with higher education and with businessmen and with
Competitiveness society as a whole in accelarating the product innovation
Development
Based On  Any business activity has supported by an efficient of
Efficiency technology product
of productivity  Less input material used in order to get more end products,
and products have been international standardized

 Skilled and educated human resources

UDC  Good basic infrastructure: roads, clean water,
electricity, telecommunications and information
Competitiveness
Natural Resources: Agriculture,  Good economic infrastructure: markets, banks, trade
Based on Fisheries,
Marine and Raw Mining centers
 Tourism: Nature Tourism, Art and
input factors
Culture Tourism, Culinary Tourism
 Land, sea and air transportation networks are sufficient
 Less input used but can get output more
 Land base business 4
4

Diadaptasi dari: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2020 (World Economic Forum) Industrialization
 Investor requirements,
(Case of Public Foreign Investment)
Entertainments
Facilities
Perfect Regulasi
Market
Social / cultural Behavior
Incentives
i
gulas
Political and Re

Economic Stability Educational

Level of People
Imperfect
Market Potential Resources of
Recipient Country
(Monopoly Regulations
Duopoly
Oligopoly) Infrastructures
 Investor requirements,
(Private Foreign Investment)

Entertainments
Perfect Facilities
Market Regulations Joint Venture

Social / cultural Behavior

Imperfect Incentives
s
tion R&D
Market Security Reg
ul a
Educational
(Monopoly Level of People
Duopoly Local Skill Workers
Partners
Oligopoly)
Infrastructures
 Investor requirements
(Case of Private Domestic Investment)
Entertainments
Facilities
Perfect Regulasi
Market
Social / cultural Behavior
Incentives
i
gulas
Political and Re

Economic Stability Educational

Level of People
Imperfect
Market Local Potential Resources Environmen
t of busines
s

(Monopoly
Duopoly
Oligopoly) Infrastructures
 Based on the research results conducted by F.Tan shows that
several variables are considered very important and to
influence significantly Investment Projects
I = f (r, Roi, Ka, PI, L, Y, IPTEK, Pol, e)

InvP = ßo + ß1r + ß2Roi + ß3 LogKa + ß4 PI + ß5L+ ß6Y+ ß7IPTEK + ß8Pol + e.

Dimana :

InvP = Pembiayaan Pembangunan Sebuah Proyek Industri dan Bisnis

Roi = Tingkat Pengembalian Investasi
Ka = Keamanan
PI = Peluang investasi
L = Tenaga Kerja
Y = Pendapatan (PDRB)
IPTEK = Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi
Pol = Kebijakan pemerintah
e = Error term
ßi = Koefisien regresi; ßo = Konstanta

Sumber : F.Tan
 STRUKTUR EKONOMI (%) Sumatera Barat
Perekonomian Daerah
Sumatera Barat Misalnya Masih
Didominasi oleh Sektor Pertanian
Bernilai Tambah Kecil
16.74 23.40
5.17
Pertanian Pertambangan Industri
3.10 Listrik Bangunan Perdagangan
Pengangkutan Keuangan Jasa-jasa
14.84
12.32
17.36 22.03
1.14
17.86 5.33 5.08
2.85
Pertanian Pertambangan Industri
Listrik Bangunan Perdagangan 11.72
Pengangkutan Keuangan Jasa-jasa

2015 15.77 1.07

18.45 5.67
2020
 PDRB SUMBAR ADHK & SHARE 2015-2020

PDRB ADHK (Juta Rupiah) SHARE (%) - PDRB

LAPANGAN USAHA
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020*
1. Pertanian, Kehutanan dan Perikanan 33,546,757 34,222,562 35,387,635 36,612,273 37,612,398 18,866,198 23.84 23.10 22.69 22.33 21.83 22.52
2. Pertambangan dan Penggalian 6,144,577 6,267,607 6,338,267 6,705,049 7,121,860 3,420,707 4.37 4.23 4.06 4.09 4.13 4.08
3. Industri Pengolahan 15,418,540 16,174,097 16,540,005 16,445,056 16,127,015 7,644,829 10.96 10.92 10.60 10.03 9.36 9.13
4. Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas 145,686 161,629 168,197 175,080 182,441 86,983 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10

5. Pengadaan Air, Pengelolaan Sampah, 141,708 150,771 156,736 160,241 170,013 81,796 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Limbah dan Daur Ulang
6. Konstruksi 12,315,040 13,126,837 14,075,896 15,066,990 16,335,298 7,828,153 8.75 8.86 9.02 9.19 9.48 9.35

7. Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran; 21,626,610 22,796,932 24,279,260 25,985,872 27,890,717 13,637,546 15.37 15.39 15.57 15.85 16.19 16.28
Reparasi Mobil dan Sepeda Motor
8. Transportasi dan Pergudangan 16,259,293 17,506,915 18,762,202 19,975,311 20,922,476 8,766,605 11.55 11.82 12.03 12.18 12.14 10.47

9. Penyediaan Akomodasi dan Makan 1,420,410 1,557,102 1,693,494 1,832,879 1,981,559 822,779 1.01 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.15 0.98
Minum
10. Informasi dan Komunikasi 9,080,556 9,934,335 10,802,637 11,728,423 12,755,105 7,011,955 6.45 6.71 6.93 7.15 7.40 8.37
11. Jasa Keuangan dan Asuransi 4,188,231 4,524,388 4,619,805 4,665,416 4,772,025 2,359,603 2.98 3.05 2.96 2.84 2.77 2.82
12. Real Estate 2,748,096 2,895,556 3,025,616 3,166,853 3,381,415 1,735,318 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.96 2.07
13. Jasa Perusahaan 620,607 651,284 685,063 722,425 767,246 372,415 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.44

14. Administrasi Pemerintahan, 8,659,075 9,175,850 9,826,300 4,890,723 5.61 5.59 5.55 5.60 5.70 5.84
Pertahanan dan Jaminan Sosial Wajib 7,895,347 8,286,949

15. Jasa Pendidikan 5,022,031 5,416,449 5,954,627 6,382,703 6,889,400 3,528,091 3.57 3.66 3.82 3.89 4.00 4.21
16. Jasa Kesehatan dan Kegiatan Sosial 1,881,299 1,984,294 2,154,589 2,311,450 2,485,723 1,295,011 1.34 1.34 1.38 1.41 1.44 1.55
17. Jasa Lainnya 2,264,684 2,476,537 2,673,387 ,883,398 3,099,509 1,416,889 1.61 1.67 1.71 1.76 1.80 1.69

PDRB SUMATERA BARAT 140,719,474 148,134,244 155,976,492 3,995,268 72,320,501 83,765,602 100 100 100 100 100 100
 PDB INDONESIA ADHK & SHARE 2015-2020

PDB ADHK (Juta Rupiah) SHARE (%) - PDRB

LAPANGAN
USAHA 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020*

1. Pertanian, Kehutanan dan

Perikanan 1,171,445.80 1,210,955.50 1,258,375.70 1,307,373.90 1,354,957.30 076,330.80 13.47 13.31 13.20 13.07 12.90 13.91

2. Pertambangan dan Penggalian 767,327.20 774,593.10 779,678.40 796,505.00 806,206.20 590,640.80 8.82 8.51 8.18 7.96 7.68 7.63

3. Industri Pengolahan 1,934,533.20 2,016,876.90 2,103,466.10 2,193,368.40 2,276,682.80 1,654,539.40 22.24 22.17 22.07 21.93 21.68 21.38

4. Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas 94,894.80 100,009.90 101,551.30 107,108.60 111,436.70 80,911.60 1.09 1.10 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.05
5. Pengadaan Air, Pengelolaan
Sampah, Limbah dan Daur 7,369.00 7,634.60 7,985.30 8,429.50 9,005.50 7,015.40 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09
Ulang
6. Konstruksi 879,163.90 925,040.30 987,924.90 1,048,082.80 1,108,425.00 795,042.00 10.11 10.17 10.37 10.48 10.56 10.27
7. Perdagangan Besar dan
Eceran; Reparasi Mobil dan 1,207,164.50 1,255,760.80 1,311,746.50 1,376,882.90 1,440,523.20 1,039,301.40 13.88 13.80 13.76 13.76 13.72 13.43
Sepeda Motor
8. Transportasi dan Pergudangan 348,855.90 374,843.40 406,679.40 435,381.90 463,254.80 289,955.30 4.01 4.12 4.27 4.35 4.41 3.75
9. Penyediaan Akomodasi dan
Makan Minum 268,922.40 282,823.40 298,129.70 315,068.60 333,358.20 220,987.20 3.09 3.11 3.13 3.15 3.17 2.86

10. Informasi dan Komunikasi 421,769.80 459,208.10 503,420.70 538,762.70 589,435.20 483,580.00 4.85 5.05 5.28 5.39 5.61 6.25

11. Jasa Keuangan dan Asuransi 347,269.00 378,279.40 398,971.40 415,620.60 443,041.60 340,093.50 3.99 4.16 4.19 4.15 4.22 4.39

12. Real Estate 266,979.60 279,500.50 289,568.50 299,648.20 316,837.10 242,772.10 3.07 3.07 3.04 3.00 3.02 3.14

13. Jasa Perusahaan 148,395.50 159,321.70 172,763.80 187,691.10 206,936.20 145,853.70 1.71 1.75 1.81 1.88 1.97 1.88
14. Administrasi Pemerintahan,
Pertahanan dan Jaminan Sosial 310,054.60 319,965.00 326,514.30 349,374.80 365,678.20 268,166.50 3.56 3.52 3.43 3.49 3.48 3.46
Wajib
15. Jasa Pendidikan 283,020.10 293,887.60 304,810.80 321,132.20 341,328.50 255,415.00 3.25 3.23 3.20 3.21 3.25 3.30
16. Jasa Kesehatan dan Kegiatan
Sosial 97,465.80 102,490.20 109,497.50 117,325.60 127,506.60 103,257.20 1.12 1.13 1.15 1.17 1.21 1.33

17. Jasa Lainnya 144,904.20 156,507.50 170,174.80 185,431.60 204,998.50 146,149.60 1.67 1.72 1.79 1.85 1.95 1.89

PDB INDONESIA 8,699,535.30 9,097,697.90 9,531,259.10 10,003,188.40 10,499,611.60 7,740,011.50 100 100 100 100 100 100
 Share (%) per Lap.Usaha Share (%) Per Lap Usaha
PDB Nasional PDRB Sumatera Barat ADHK 2015-2020

13,31 Rata-rata Share Terbesar per

22,72
Lap.Usaha PDB Nasional
8,13 4,16 2015-2020
21,91
10,17
1,07 0,11 1. Industri Pengolahan (21,91 %)
0,09 2. Perdagangan Besar dan
0,10 Enceran (13,73 %)
10,32 9,11 3. Pertanian, Kehutanan dan
13,73 15,77 Perikanan (13,31 % )
4. Kontruksi (10,32 %)
4,15 11,70 5. Pertambangan dan Penggalian
3,08 1,07 (8,13%)

5,40 7,17
Rata-rata Share Terbesar per
4,18 2,90 Lap.Usaha PDRB Sumatera
3,05 1,97 Barat 2015-2020
1,83 0,44
1. Pertanian, Kehutanan dan
3,49 5,65
Perikanan (22,72 %)
3,24 3,86 2. Perdagangan Besar dan
Enceran (15,77 % )
1,19 1,41 3. Transportasi dan Pergudangan
1,81 1,71 ( 11,70 %)
4. Industri Pengolahan (10,17 %)
5. Kontruksi (9,11 %)
=2015 =2016 =2017 =2018 =2019 =2020***
 Harga Cassiavera

10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000

0
Januari
Februari
Maret
April
Mei
Juni

2015
Juli
Agustus
September

Sumber : Diolah dari Data BPS

Oktober
November
Desember
Januari
Februari
Maret
April
Mei
Juni

2016
Juli
Agustus
September

Petani Cassiavera
Oktober
November
Desember
Januari
Februari
Maret
April
Mei
Juni

2017
Juli
perkembangan harga dunia

Agustus
September
Oktober

Pedagang Pengumpul
November
Desember
petani jual bahan mentah & tidak tahu
Margin exportir – petani cukup besar:

Januari
Februari
Maret
April
Mei
Juni
Eksporter
Distribusi Margin Tidak AdiL, 2015 – 2019
Permasalahan UIKM, petani - Kayu Manis :

2018

Juli
Agustus
September
Oktober
November
Desember
Januari
Februari
Maret
April
Mei
Juni
2019

Juli
Agustus
13

September
Oktober
?

November
Desember
 Permasalahan UIKM, petani - kopi:
Distribusi Margin Tidak Adil, 2015 – 2019
Petani Biji Kopi kering Pedagang Pengumpul Biji Kopi Kering Agroindustri Green bean Agroindustri Sangrai
Agroindustri Bubuk
200,000

180,000

160,000

140,000 Indonesia salah satu produser kopi terbesar dunia, Tapi margin Exportir
– Petani cukup besar. Petani masih jual bahan mentah, tidak tahu

?
120,000 perkembangan harga dunia
100,000
Harga Kopi

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

-
Februari
April
Mei
Juni

Februari
April
Mei
Juni

Februari
April
Mei
Juni

Februari
April
Mei
Juni

Februari
April
Mei
Juni
Juli

Juli

Juli

Juli

Juli
September
Oktober
November

September
Oktober
November

September
Oktober
November

September
Oktober
November

September
Oktober
November
Desember

Desember

Desember

Desember

Desember
Maret

Maret

Maret

Maret

Maret
Agustus

Agustus

Agustus

Agustus

Agustus
Januari

Januari

Januari

Januari

Januari
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

14
Sumber : Diolah dari Data BPS
 DISTRIBUSI (SHARE) LAPANGAN USAHA TERHADAP PDRB KOTA SUNGAI PENUH
ADHK 2000, DAN LAJU PERTUMBUHANNYA (GROWTH), dalam persentase
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
No Lapangan Usaha
Share Growth Share Growth Share Growth Share Growth Share Growth

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Pertanian, Kehutanan & Perikanan 6.53 na 6.80 8.96 6.87 5.91 7.14 6.44 6.78 3.72
2 Pertambangan & Penggalian 0.92 na 1.00 4.06 1.01 6.98 0.99 6.17 0.92 5.96
3 Industri Pengolahan 0.72 na 0.73 11.94 0.76 10.32 0.71 3.00 0.67 3.36
4 Pengadaan Listrik & Gas 0.02 na 0.02 13.70 0.02 9.82 0.02 6.79 0.02 7.05
Pengadaan Air, Pengelolaan Sampah,
5 Limbah & Daur Ulang 0.46 na 0.43 4.11 0.38 1.12 0.37 0.67 0.34 1.21

6 Konstruksi / Bangunan 12.47 na 11.97 3.99 12.94 16.20 13.54 13.24 12.30 2.82
Perdagangan Besar & Enceran; Reperasi
7 23.52 na 24.58 8.17 24.83 7.35 24.10 7.66 25.46 8.01
Mobil & Sepeda Motor
8 Transportasi & Pergudangan 3.93 na 3.71 3.70 3.43 8.33 3.43 6.43 3.57 5.64
9 Penyediaan Akomodasi & Makan Minum 1.10 na 1.12 6.01 1.12 4.22 1.16 6.60 1.26 20.14
10 Informasi & Komunikasi 14.16 na 13.68 8.54 12.27 2.21 12.50 9.79 12.24 9.84
11 Jasa Keuangan & Ansuransi 4.25 na 4.84 21.70 5.26 14.60 5.74 17.29 5.22 2.30
12 Real Estate 3.46 na 3.45 5.03 3.24 2.12 3.24 2.31 2.84 2.78
13 Jasa Perusahaan 6.99 na 6.58 2.28 6.55 3.68 6.19 2.93 5.71 3.73
Administrasi Pemerintahan, Pertahanan
14 5.88 na 6.01 8.02 5.74 4.70 5.37 4.20 6.78 16.18
& jaminan Sosial Wajib
15 Jasa Pendidikan 10.46 na 10.20 2.19 10.92 6.53 11.00 3.79 11.40 0.64
16 Jasa Kesehatan & Kegiatan Sosial Lainnya 2.47 na 2.42 8.67 2.24 3.09 2.23 6.87 2.43 15.99
17 Jasa Lainnya 2.66 na 2.49 4.60 2.43 4.82 2.28 4.45 2.11 5.23
Produk Domestik Regionak Bruto (PDBR) 100.00 na 100.00 6.86 100.00 7.09 100.00 7.80 100.00 6.35
PDBR tanpa MIGAS 100.00 na 100.00 6.86 100.00 7.09 100.00 7.80 100.00 6.35
15
Sumber : BPS Kota Sungai Penuh, 2019 (diolah)
 Exp: Kontribusi Lapangan Usaha (%) Dalam Pembentukkan PDRB Kota Solok
ADHK 2010 Menurut Lapangan Usaha (2013-2017)
Nilai
Lapangan Usaha 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Rerata Rank
LQs
K.Solok
(%)
1 Pertanian, Kehutanan, dan Perikanan 6.34 6.14 5.96 5.76 5.53 5.91 6 0.26
1 Pertanian, Peternakan, Perburuan dan Jasa
6.14 5.94 5.75 5.55 5.33 5.91
Pertanian
a. Tanaman Pangan dan Holtikultura 3.19 3.09 3.03 2.95 2.86 3.02
b. Tanaman Perkebunan 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.30
c. Peternakan 2.48 2.38 2.27 2.17 2.05 2.27
d. Jasa Pertanian dan Perburuan 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15
2 Kehutanan dan Penebangan Kayu 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Perikanan 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
2 Pertambangan dan Penggalian 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.67 0.64 0.67 0,15
3 Industri Pengolahan 6.11 5.99 5.85 5.85 5.59 5.88 7 1,73
4 Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0,63
5 Pengadaan Air, Pengelolaan Sampah, Limbah dan Daur
0.22 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 2,52
Ulang
6 Konstruksi 12.45 12.43 12.35 12.28 12.40 12.38 3 1,46
7 Perdagangan Besar dan Eceran; Reparasi Mobil dan
25.02 25.17 25.11 25.08 25.03 25.08 1 1,63
Sepeda Motor
8 Transportasi dan Pergudangan 15.13 15.48 15.85 16.13 16.43 15.80 2 1,38
9 Penyediaan Akomodasi dan Makan Minum 1.90 1.91 1.93 1.96 1.98 1.94 1,93
10 Informasi dan Komunikasi 6.90 7.10 7.36 7.56 7.79 7.34 5 1,15
11 Jasa Keuangan dan Asuransi 4.37 4.36 4.37 4.43 4.27 4.36 1,45
12 Real Estat 2.69 2.68 2.62 2.56 2.54 2.62 1,37
13 Jasa Perusahaan 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0,04
14 Administrasi Pemerintahan, Pertahanan dan
9.24 8.89 8.66 8.43 8.31 8.71 4 1,57
Jaminan Sosial Wajib
15 Jasa Pendidikan 4.73 4.71 4.77 4.81 4.97 4.80 1,37
16 Jasa Kesehatan dan Kegiatan Sosial 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.45 1.47 1.46 1,13
17 Jasa lainnya 2.72 2.71 2.73 2.75 2.77 2.74 1,78
Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Ket: Jika LQs ≥ 1 menunjukkan lapangan usaha tsb memiliki keunggulan (comparative advantages) untuk
ditumbuhkembangkan di Kota Solok. Semakin lebih besar dari satu maka semakin potensial lapangan usaha tsb untuk
dikembangkan.
 Kabupaten/Kota Sumatera Barat
SU
MB Angka Harapan Harapan Lama Rata-rata Lama Pengeluaran IPM
AR Hidup (Th) Sekolah (th) Sekolah (Th) (Ribu Rp/orang/th
2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022 2020 2021 2022
69,47 69,59 69,90 14,02 14,09 14,10 8,99 9,07 9,18 10 733,00 10 790,00 11 130,00 72,38 72,65 73,26

1 Kep. Mentawai 64,73 64,73 64,93 12,82 12,89 12,89 7,09 7,20 7,48 6 281,00 6 321,00 6 567,00 61,09 61,35 62,19

2 Pesisir Selatan 70,86 70,96 71,25 13,32 13,33 13,35 8,26 8,27 8,43 9 212,00 9 270,00 9 686,00 69,90 70,03 70,84

3 Kab.Solok 68,58 68,79 69,19 13,04 13,05 13,30 7,86 7,87 7,89 10 171,00 10 215,00 10 539,00 69,08 69,24 70,02

4 Sijunjung 66,21 66,36 66,70 12,37 12,38 12,64 8,11 8,12 8,30 10 361,00 10 389,00 10 582,00 67,74 67,86 68,69

5 Tanah Datar 69,94 70,12 70,49 14,33 14,34 14,59 8,61 8,62 8,90 10 588,00 10 616,00 10 695,00 72,33 72,46 73,29

6 Padang Pariaman 68,79 68,97 69,34 13,67 13,68 13,93 7,87 7,88 8,16 10 998,00 11 050,00 11 159,00 70,61 70,76 71,63

7 Agam 72,37 72,53 72,89 13,87 13,88 13,88 8,96 8,97 8,98 9 651,00 9 662,00 10 171,00 72,46 72,57 73,29

8 Lima Puluh Kota 69,79 69,84 70,08 13,29 13,30 13,40 7,99 8,07 8,08 9 596,00 9 668,00 10 035,00 69,47 69,68 70,28

9 Pasaman 67,40 67,59 67,96 12,80 12,81 13,05 8,09 8,10 8,11 8 425,00 8 440,00 8 619,00 66,64 66,77 67,41

10 Solok Selatan 67,81 68,01 68,38 12,71 12,72 12,73 8,28 8,32 8,41 10 325,00 10 367,00 10 560,00 69,04 69,23 69,71

11 Dharmasraya 71,33 71,53 71,90 12,43 12,44 12,51 8,47 8,55 8,56 11 273,00 11 324,00 11 650,00 71,51 71,76 72,30

12 Pasaman Barat 67,82 67,94 68,25 13,61 13,68 13,69 8,19 8,27 8,55 9 047,00 9 089,00 9 381,00 68,49 68,76 69,57

13 Padang 73,65 73,69 73,93 16,52 16,53 16,54 11,58 11,59 11,60 14 481,00 14 540,00 14 889,00 82,82 82,90 83,29

14 Kota Solok 73,61 73,73 74,06 14,32 14,33 14,34 11,03 11,04 11,35 12 117,00 12 168,00 12 515,00 78,29 78,41 79,23

15 Sawahlunto 70,00 70,10 70,40 13,17 13,18 13,42 10,17 10,32 10,43 10 182,00 10 195,00 10 537,00 72,64 72,88 73,73

16 Padang Panjang 72,82 72,82 73,02 15,06 15,07 15,07 11,62 11,63 11,92 10 734,00 10 754,00 11 153,00 77,93 77,97 78,78

17 Bukittinggi 74,38 74,50 74,82 14,97 14,98 14,99 11,33 11,34 11,63 13 282,00 13 331,00 13 633,00 80,58 80,70 81,42

18 Payakumbuh 73,74 73,84 74,14 14,26 14,27 14,29 10,73 10,81 10,82 13 281,00 13 317,00 13 687,00 78,90 79,08 79,53

19 Pariaman 70,28 70,38 70,67 14,54 14,55 14,61 10,59 10,67 10,78 12 796,00 12 818,00 13 150,00 76,90 77,07 77,65
 Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka ****
Sumatera Barat (%)
Provinsi 2021-2023
2021 2022 2023
Feb. Agust. Feb. Agust. Feb. Agust.

SUMBAR 6,67 6,52 6,17 6,28 5,90 5,94

Sumber: Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas).

Dikutip dari Berita Resmi Statistik Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan Sumatera Barat

**** Tidak termasuk “Disguised Unemployment” (pengangguran tersembunyi)

 Where do we have to go to invest…. ?
Penduduk Miskin
No Rangking
KABUPATEN / KOTA (000 jiwa) (%)
2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013

KABUPATEN
1 Kepulauan Mentawai 14,60 13,10 18,85 16,71 1 1
2 Pesisir Selatan 42,40 38,10 9,75 8,69 10 10
3 Solok 39,50 35,60 11,19 10,04 3 3
4 Sijunjung 20,30 18,30 9,94 8,80 9 9
5 Tanah Datar 22,60 20,40 6,57 5,96 15 14
6 Padang Pariaman 44,60 40,20 11,26 10,13 2 2
7 Agam 43,30 39,00 9,39 8,44 11 11
8 50 Kota 35,20 31,70 9,96 8,90 8 7
9 Pasaman 26,80 24,10 10,42 9,31 5 5
10 Solok Selatan 15,50 14,00 10,61 9,38 4 4
11 Dharmasraya 19,60 17,70 10,09 8,83 6 8
12 Pasaman Barat 33,80 30,40 9,14 8,05 12 12

KOTA
13 Padang 50,90 45,70 6,02 5,30 17 17
14 Solok 4,00 3,60 6,72 5,88 14 15
15 Sawahlunto 1,40 1,30 2,34 2,17 19 19
16 Padang Panjang 3,50 3,20 7,25 6,50 13 13
17 Bukittinggi 7,30 6,60 6,49 5,74 16 16
18 Payakumbuh 12,00 10,80 10,09 9,00 7 6
19 Pariaman 4,50 4,10 5,66 5,02 18 18
Sumatera Barat 441,80 397,90 8,99 8,05 - -
Sumber : Sumatera Barat Dalam Angka 2014 (diolah)
 Hoe do we read the opportunity to invest..?
Neraca : APBD …. Provinsi….. (Rp)
Items 2005 2006 %
1 PENDAPATAN 642.166.614.000

1.1 Dana Perimbangan 293.000.000.000

1.2 Pendapatan Lain-Lain 11.000.000.000
2 BELANJA 731.723.126.206

2.1 ADM & Umum 340.000.000.000

2.2 Operasi & 118.000.000.000
Pemeliharaan

2. Modal / 112.000.000.0 15%*;

3 Investasi 00 17%**
2.4 Bagi Hasil / Bantuan 157.000.000.000
Keuangan
2.5 Belanja Tidak 2.000.000.000
Tersangka

Note : *persentase
3 dari belanja; **persentase dari pendapatan 89.556.512.206
DEFISIT
 Pembangunan Membutuhkan INVESTASI
“ Investors ” Membutuhkan iklim yang kondusif dan intensif.
memerlukan dukungan pemerintah
agar bisa memaksimalkan Nilai Investasi, Nilai Tambah, Teknologi,
Kapasitas Usaha (scale & scope), dan Meminimilisasi Ketidakpastian.

NilaiPM
Nilai PM Nilai Tambah Teknologi Kapasitas
Kapasitas

Ketidakpastian
Ketidakpastian
(Uncertainties)
(Uncertainties)

Maksimalkan Maksimalkan
Minimumkan
 Era Otonomi Daerah
Era Sentralisasi
FDI & DDI
TOP DOWN
PLANNING Peran Pemerintah Pusat
Sangat Dominan PEMPUS
Di Segala Aspek hanya pd
Macro policy

PEMDA Provinsi
Perpanjangan PEMProv.
Tangan PemPus Perpanjangan
Tangan PemPus

Kab/Kota
Peran PEMKAB/KOTA
Sangat kuat pada tatanan :
“Micro Policy”

Kemaren Sekarang BUTTOM UP

(sebelum reformasi) PLANNING
(setelah reformasi)

Regional Autonomy Regulations Provide Ease of Permits

for Direct PMA and PMDN in Districts and Cities
 Why does the intensity of investors to invest vary in each region?

Provinsi dengan Realisasi Investasi PMDN dan PMA Terbesar

di Indonesia (Kuartal III-2023)

No Nama Nilai / Rp triliun

1 DKI Jakarta 50,9

2 Jawa Barat 49,5

3 Jawa Timur 38,9

4 Banten 28

5 Maluku Utara 27,8

Sumber: Kementerian Investasi/BKPM melaporkan,

 Keterkaitan Antar Kota, Kota dengan Desa
Dalam Perkembangan Investasi atau Penanaman Modal

Industri, Perdagangan,
I Ibu Kota Negara
komunikasi, keuangan &
N Jasa-Jasa Lainnya
V (Ekonomi Basis IPTEK/SDM)
E Kota Provinsi
S
T
A
S Industri, Perdagangan, Kota
I Komunikasi, keuangan & Kabupaten/Kota
Jasa-Jasa Lainnya
Otonom

Pertanian, Industri
dan Perdagangan/Jasa Kota
Kecamatan

Ekonomi
basis lahan/SDA DESA
(Pertanian)
**
 How do we manage the investment ?
From here Forward Lingkage
Upstream System Downstream System

DIWARISI: Innovation & Development

Investment:
Sumber Objek Wisata

TOURISM SUPPORTING SERVICES

Kehidupan sosial dan
Perhotelan (bintang 1-5+), Cottages,
Budaya, benda-benda
bersejarah, Peninggalan
PMDN/ Home Stay, Kapal Pesiar, Hotel
Terapung, Restoran terapung,
benda-benda puba,
artefak, dll…
PMA Kawasan Wisata Pulau-Pulau Kecil..
dll

PRASARANA & SARANA:

TERCIPTA: • Transportasi
Wisata Alam (darat, laut dan Pemerintah Murni (Laut, Udara, Darat)
udara) • Jalan-Jalan darat Wisata
• Lapangan Udara
Swasta Murni
• Pelabuhan Laut
Innovation & Development • Sarana Pendidikan
Pemerintah • Sarana Pelatihan
Atraksi: Olah Raga, bersama-Swasta
Seni Budaya, Pesta Adat dan
Pernikahan, midnight show,
Aksesories Wisata:
Pernak-Pernik, Restoran, Café,
wisata pulau, wisata berlayar,
sarana pelayanan (pejalan
atraksi (kera, kerbau, sapi,
kaki, sepeda, lansia, anak-
belut, itik, dst......
anak, baby, dst…
Backward Lingkage
From here
 Industrial Backward and Forward Linkages
& Market Power

Backward MANUFACTURING
Forward GNP/RGDP
Lingkage Lingkage

INNOVATION DOWNSTREAM SYSTEM

UPSTREAM SYSTEM
OUTPUT
INPUT INVESTMENT (end products) MARKET
(raw materials) FDI, DDI 1. Processing without (users)
changing the original
structure.
1. Any kinds of natural
LN
2. Processing after harvesting
resources
Local Economic products DN
2. Production Infrastructure
and Facilities Resources 3. Processing that changes its Lokal
3. Agricultural Equipment original nature
4. Agricultural Machineries
Development

Innovation and creativity process

RAW PRODUCTS END PRODUCTS
 INVESTASI
Sistem Sistem Sistem
SUMBER Primer Sekunder Tersier
PENGGUNA
AKHIR

Pertanian Industri
Pengolahan
PMA Perkebunan KK
Perternakan O
Manufaktur ON
Perikanan
PMDN
SDA Kehutanan
Industri Kimia Perdagangan NS
dll SU
& Jasa
SDM Industri
Pendukung UME
Ekstraktif MN
Pertambangan E
LERD dan Energi
Industri NDN
&
Daur Ulang
LN

Lapangan Perkerjaan & Kesra

Investasi Terintegrasi Hulu-Hilir
 Industrial & Business Development Growth
Strongly Determined by the INVESTMENT Factors
Stimulation INCREASING
Gross Regional
0f INCOME
Domestic Product
DEMAND PER HEAD

Products/Services
Consortium Marketing Surplus With Quality Surplus
KUBE
Associations
Growth Industrial
Individual of SUPPLY INNOVATION and
(Products & Services) Development

DI, FDI

 Local Economic
KOPERASI
Private
INVES TMENT Resources Development.
 Development of public
utilities and
Government infrastructure facilities
 Roles of Governement to Accelarete Investment
in Company Creaation and Development
REGULATOR
Menteri Menteri Menteri
Menteri
Gubernur/ Gubernur/ Gubernur/
Gubernur/
Wako/Bupati/ Wako/Bupati/ Wako/Bupati/
Wako/Bupati/DPR/D
DPR/D DPR/D DPR/D

PERSIAPA PENDIRIA START- OPERASION PENGEMBA

N N AKUISISI
UP ALISASI NGAN
1 II III IV V VI
a) R&D
a) Startup Capital
b) Technological
b) Land Cleraring
a) GD/DED Innovation
a) IDE Usaha c) Prasarana & a) Managing
b) ACTION & Development
b) PEMBENTUKAN Sarana inputs
BUSINESS c) PEMBERDAYA 1) Life Cycle of
SC d) Kantor & b) Managing
AN Company
c) INVESTASI PLAN Logistik Output
d) Capital
AWAL c) BADAN e) Recruitment c) Managing 2) Company
Development
d) Seed capital HUKUM (PT, f) Staffs & Partners Performance
e) PATENT / I.P.R.
e) Identification CV, Personnel's d) Managing 3) Potential
f) ADDED VALUE
of LERD Perorangan, ....) Training Working plan Investors
CREATION
d) GATHERING g) Communty e) Supervising
g) MARKETING
e) LAUNCHNIG gathering f) Controlling
Development
h) Promotion
h) Net working
development
CONFIRMATION THE IDEA AND CREATION DEVELOPMENT, EXPANSION & ACQUISITION

Governemnt Policy & Regulation :

Only Professional and institutional investors
are constrained by regulation
 LERD The
Investment
Climate

Dependency
on transfers
The
Challenges The Centre
Holding On

Spending
Resources
Well Build Local
Capacity
 INVESTASI MENDORONG PERCEPATAN
PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL DAN DAERAH

Interaksi
Faktor Ekonomi Faktor-Non Ekonomi

1. SDA
2. SDM 1. Sosbud Masyarakat
3. Pembentukkan Modal 2. Sistem perpolitikan
4. Investasi 3. Sistem administrasi
4. Sikap dan Kebiasaan
5. Nilai Mata Uang
5. Nilai-Nilai Moral
6. Kelembagaan Ekonomi
6. Kelembagaan SOSBUD
7. Struktur Ekonomi
8. Kewirausahawan
9. Inovasi Teknologi
1. Sikap
10. Spesialisasi SDM
2. Moral 8. Kemampuan
11. Skala Ekonomi & 3. Nilai 9. Daya juang
Ruang Lingkup Ekonomi 4. Tujuan 10. Kualitas hidup
12. Lingkungan Usaha 5. Motivasi 11. Semangat
13. Lingkungan Industri 6. Ormasy 12. Pola hidup
14. Infrastruktur
7. Pengaturan politik
15. dst ……

Faktor-Faktor Pembentuk PDRB / PDBN

 5 4 3 2 1 PANCASILANOMICS
Believe CONTROLS SUPPLY & DEMAND
Social Justice Democracy Unity Humanity on God Through Government Development Planning

DEMAND (D) Demand Factors

Customers
         

Elasticity of Demand SUPPLY (S)

Substitution Goods
Seasons
Economic Growth
Location of Business
Quantity of Demand
Purchasing Power
Methods of Transactions
etc …
 Production
 Elasticity of Supply
Supply Factors
 Technology
 Raw Materials
Interaction of  Labor Union
D&S  Product Resilience Government intervention is
 Location/Place of business necessary for objectives to develop
 Economic of scale social welfare at regional and
Create nnational level by the following
 Economic of scope
 Local Economic Resources policies:
 etc ......  ANTITRUST Law
 Regulations (PP/PERDA)

Money Market & Capital Market

 Controlling barrier to entry
Market Structure  Taxes Policies

Financial Institutions:
 Subsidies
Number of buyers & Seller; Barriers to New Business Entering;  Wages Policies
Product Differentiation; Vertical Integration; Product Diversification;  Export Policies
Monopoly/monopsony market; Oligopoly/oligopsony market, Ect......
BUMS, BUMD, BUMN

 Trade and industrial Policies

 Investment Policies
COOPERATIVES,

 Omnibus laws
 Labor incentives
Market Conduct  Startup incentives
 R&D Incentives
Promotion; R&D; Pricing system; Investment; Legalization;  Export-Import Policy and Regulations
 FDI & DDI
Specific Products; Collusion; Mergers; Business Contracts,  Domestic Investment Regulations
Product Modifications, and Innovations; Etc ............  Lightening of Bank Credit for IKM
 Monetary policies
 Macroeconomic policies
 Business permit
 Etc ……………….
Market Performance
Pricing Stability; Production Efficiency; Resources allocation efficiency;
Increasing of Equity; Increasing of Product Quantity & Quality; LERD Efficiency;
Increasing of Product Technology; Growing Business; Profit Increases, etc...

National and Regional Economic Growth and Stability

 Task and Question
If there is uncertainty, not only do acceptable investments
become undesirable, but in such circumstances, seemingly
unacceptable investments also eventually become
desirable if additional relevant information is obtained.

If you agree or not with the statement above, please

provide your reasons in as much detail as possible in
accordance with economic principles, therefore support
your explanation with real examples that have occurred
in the business world.

I really respect and give the best grade to those who are
willing to make a special paper so that the explanation
is more correct and clear