LESSON 2: THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19 TH

CENTURY AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT

 The Birth of modern life
• Birth of so may nation and states
around the Globe
• The period of so many changes that
affects man and society
19 CENTURY
TH
Age of Enlightenment
• Give birth to the different revolution
that took place and give a huge
change to the Philippines and even to
the world.
Industrial Revolution
• Generally applied to the extra ordinary
transformation to the method of production,
transportation and communication through
the substitution of the manual labor to the
machines.

French Revolution
• Changes the political tone of that period
• Government structure is transformed to
absolute monarchy

American Revolution
• Give the idea of the colonized people can
give them independence from the colonizer.
 1. Abolition Of The Galleon Trade
• This is not to only limit the exchange of products from
Philippines to Spain, but it opens the Philippines to the world
trade.

ECONOMIC 2. Opening of the Philippines to the world trade

SITUATION
IN THE
3. Opening of the Suez Canal
PHILIPPINES
4. Development of the agricultural land

5. Principalias and Mestizoz benefited from

agricultural developments
WHAT IS GALLEON TRADE?

A trade carried a Spanish Ships, called Manila

Galleons, that regularly crossed the pacific
between Manila, in the Philippines, and
Acapulco.
SUEZ CANAL
•Man-made canal found in Egypt it is a Shorter channel of
importation and exportation that leads to a lot of possibilities
and change to our country.
•Also, opens opportunity for middle class family to send their
children to study in Spain and there's a lot of Filipino wanted to
study in Spain.
SUEZ CANAL SUEZ CANAL ROUTE
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Well educated
Filipino

Peninsulares The land Owner

Insulares
Creoles The Native
 ILLUSTRADO Filipino
 PRINCIPALIA
 INDIO
 PENINSULARES
Highest Class in the Philippines
Pure blooded Spaniards born in Spain
The wealthiest and most politically powerful among the
social classes
High position in the Government
Referred to as Kastilas
 INSULARES

Spaniards born in the Philippines

Receives discrimination from the fellow Spaniards
Enjoys various government and church positions
A son or daughter of a Spanish couple is an insulare
 EFFECTS TO THE ECONOMY OF THE PHILIPPINES
 Filipino’s life prosper due to the vigorous economic activity in the
colony;
Modern methods agriculture were introduced;
The means of transportation and communication improved;
Emergence of the middle-class
More Filipinos able to study in Europe; and
Acquired material wealth and improve social life
EDUCATION AND RISE OF ILLUSTRADOS
 A midst of the social, political, and economic
reforms. Rizal family belongs to the middle class and
was considered as Illustrados or the apppluence. The
children were able to study in the exclusive school in
Manila and even abroad.
DEFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING SPANISH TIME

 Emphasis on Religion
Absence of Academic freedom
Racial Discrimination
Limited Curriculum
FRAILOCRACY

• Rule of the friars.

• The Friars more become an influential and powerful.
• The Spanish civil officials in the country become more corrupt and immoral.
• The dominance of the friars in the country prompted Rizal and the
propagandists to expose their abuses in forwarding their power and influence
in the Philippines.
 Resulting disarmed,
Forced labor among soldiers Cavite Mutiny imprisoned, and deal Filipino
soldiers

The martyrdom of Burgos is a Implicate the Those who were suspected

the three priests personal friend three secular to be involved in the mutiny
awakened the of Rizal priests. Also were also arrested and
desire for Brother, known as executed
independence Paciano. GOMBURZA
among many
Filipinos.

Note: EL FILIBUSTERISMO is dedicated to the three priests

•The number of Economic, Social, Political, and
Cultural changes in the country and around the
world contributed to the formation of Rizal’s
national consciousness and his reformist agenda.