TECHNOLOGY

TRANSFER
MAYURIKA GOPINATH
20BLA1088
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER?
• Technology transfer (TT) refers to the process of conveying results
stemming from scientific and technological research to the market
place and to wider society, along with associated skills and procedures,
and is as such an intrinsic part of the technological innovation process.
• Technology transfer is described as a broad set of processes covering
the flow of know-how, experience and equipment for mitigating and
adapting to climate change among different actors
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2000)
THREE CONDITIONS FOR
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
• The technology holder country must be willing to transfer the
technology.
• Second, the technology must fit into the demand of the recipient
country.
• Third, the transfer must be made at reasonable cost to the recipient.
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC):
• ARTICLE 4.5 - The developed country Parties and other developed
Parties included in Annex II shall take all practicable steps to promote,
facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to,
environmentally sound technologies and knowhow to other Parties,
particularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the
provisions of the Convention. In this process, the developed country Parties
shall support the development and enhancement of endogenous capacities
and technologies of developing country Parties. Other Parties and
organizations in a position to do so may also assist in facilitating the
transfer of such technologies.
KYOTO PROTOCOL:
• Article 10, paragraph (c) - Cooperate in the promotion of effective
modalities for the development, application and diffusion of, and take all
practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the
transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies, know-how,
practices and processes pertinent to climate change, in particular to
developing countries, including the formulation of policies and programmes
for the effective transfer of environmentally sound technologies that are
publicly owned or in the public domain and the creation of an enabling
environment for the private sector, to promote and enhance the transfer of,
and access to, environmentally sound technologies;
PARIS AGREEMENT:
• ARTICLE 10.1 - Parties share a long-term vision on the importance of
fully realizing technology development and transfer in order to improve
resilience to climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• ARTICLE 10.2 - Parties… shall strengthen cooperative action on
technology development and transfer.
• ARTICLE 10.3 - The Technology Mechanism established under the
Convention shall serve this Agreement.
PARIS AGREEMENT:
• ARTICLE 10.4 - A technology framework is hereby established to
provide overarching guidance to the work of the Technology
Mechanism in promoting and facilitating enhanced action on
technology development and transfer in order to support the
implementation of this Agreement, in pursuit of the long-term vision
referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.’
• ARTICLE 10.6 - ‘Support, including financial support, shall be
provided to developing country Parties for the implementation of this
Article.’
MONTREAL PROTOCOL:
• Article 10A: Transfer of technology
Each Party shall take every practicable step, consistent with the
programmes supported by the financial mechanism, to ensure:
(a) that the best available, environmentally safe substitutes and
related technologies are expeditiously transferred to Parties operating
under paragraph 1 of Article 5; and
(b) that the transfers referred to in subparagraph (a) occur under
fair and most favourable conditions.
CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY (CBD):
• Article 16 - emphasizes the importance of providing developing
countries with access to environmentally sound technologies,
including biotechnology, under fair and favorable terms. It also
underscores the need for cooperation and legislative measures to
ensure that intellectual property rights do not impede technology
transfer and the achievement of the CBD's objectives.
• The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair
and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (the
Protocol) is a global agreement that implements the access and
benefit-sharing obligations of the Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD).
AGENDA 21:
• Agenda 21, a comprehensive plan of action adopted at the United
Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in
1992, includes provisions for technology transfer to support
sustainable development.
• It provides a framework for promoting technology transfer as a means
to achieve sustainable development objectives. It calls for concerted
efforts at the national, regional, and international levels to facilitate the
transfer of environmentally sound technologies and build the capacity
of countries to harness technology for sustainable development.
BARRIERS FOR TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER:
• lack of data, information, and knowledge, especially on “emerging”
technologies;

• inadequate vision about and understanding of local needs and

demands; and

• high transaction costs.