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THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
Parts and Functions of Digestive
System
DIGESTION
o Process that breaks down food into forms cells can use.
o 2 ways:

 Mechanical Digestion
• Grinding (teeth)
 Chemical Digestion
• large molecules to simpler ones

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
o Special chemicals that help break apart large molecules

 Proteins: amino acids

 Carbohydrates: simple sugars
 Fats: fatty acids
 2 PARTS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
1. ALIMENTARY 2. ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE
CANAL ORGANS
o salivary glands, teeth
1. INGESTION
o basic act of eating
o occurs in mouth
MOUTH
o also known as oral cavity
o food: mixed with saliva and
masticated (bolus)
o tongue: initiates swallowing
2. PROPULSION
o begins when you swallow a
food and continues with the
involuntary peristalsis which
is part of the autonomic
nervous system
o occurs in the pharynx and
esophagus
 PHARYNX  ESOPHAGUS

o subdivided into nasopharynx, o conducts food to the

oropharynx, and stomach
laryngopharynx
3. MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN
o occurs in the stomach

STOMACH
o chyme
o also called as temporary “storage tank“ for food
4. DIGESTION
o involves the breakdown of
organic molecules into
smaller complexes

5. ABSORPTION
o all of the nutrients pass
through the lining of small
and large intestines into blood
and lymph
SMALL INTESTINES
o major digestive organ
o able to process a small amount of food at one
time
o Pyloric sphincter - “gatekeeper"
o contains villi and microvilli – fingerlike
projections
o 3 subdivisions: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
 DUODENUM – majority
of digestion occurs.
 JEJUNUM – primary site
of nutrient absorption.
 ILEUM – completes the
absorption of nutrients
6. DEFECATION / EGESTION
o anything that is not absorb by the
body will undergo defecation.

LARGE INTESTINES
o dry out indigestible food residue by absorbing water
o eliminate residues from body as feces
o subdivisions: cecum, appendix, colon rectum, anal
canal
LARGE INTESTINES
 ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS

SALIVARY GLANDS
o lubrication of food
o parotid, submandibular,
and sublingual
o Saliva – moistens and
bind food together

TEETH
o mastication / chewing
 PANCREAS
o produces enzymes that break
down all categories of
digestible foods

 LIVER
o largest gland in the body
o digestive function – production
of bile

GALLBLADDER
o storage of bile
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. The digestive organ where initial digestion takes place.

a. Esophagus
b. Pharynx
c. Mouth
d. Stomach
2. It is where the absorption of nutrients takes place.
e. Small intestine
f. Large intestine
g. Stomach
h. Rectum
3. After feces is formed in the colon and temporarily stored in the
rectum, it will leave the body through the ____________.
a. Colon
b. Anus
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
4. What is the proper sequence of organs involved where the food
passes through in the digestive system?
e. Small intestine-large intestine-esophagus-rectum-mouth-anus-
stomach
f. Mouth-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine-
rectum-anus
g. Esophagus-rectum-large intestine-anus-stomach-small
intestine-mouth
h. Mouth-esophagus-stomach-large intestine-small intestine-
rectum-anus
5. What is the significance of the digestive system in the
human body?
a. It forms urine to be expelled by the body.
b. It is responsible for the exchange of gases in our body.
c. It ensures the proper breakdown and absorption of food
into smaller pieces.
d. It gives the body its much needed support and protection
for the internal organs.
“Commit your work to the Lord,
and your plans will be
established. "
PROVERBS 16:3

- Garcia, Ellaine T.