Fluids at Rest

Engr. Jackie Guiquing

Learning
Objectives:

1. Learn concepts relating to fluids at rest

2. Define Pascal’s Principle and Archimedes
Principle
3. Solve problems involving fluids at rest.
THE AVERAGE
PRESSURE
on a surface area A is found as force divided by area,
where it is stipulated that the force must be perpendicular
(normal) to the area.

SI Unit for pressure is the

pascal (Pa), and 1 Pa = 1
N/m²
STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE
is 1.01 x 105 Pa, and is equivalent to 14.7 lb/in².
Other units used for
pressure are
THE HYDROSTATIC
PRESSURE

PASCAL’s PRINCIPLE
When a pressure on any part of a confined fluid (liquid or
gas) is changed, the pressure on every part of the fluid is
also changed by the same amount.
ARCHIMEDES’
PRINCIPLE
A body wholly or partly immersed in a fluid is buoyed up
by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
The buoyant force can be considered to act vertically
upward through the center of gravity of the displaced
fluid.
EXAMPLE
S:1. An 80kgmetal cylinder, 2.0 m long
and with each end of area 25 cm²,
stands vertically on one end. What
pressure does the cylinder exert on the
floor?
EXAMPLE
S:2. Atmospheric pressure is about
1.0x10^5 Pa. How large a force does
the still air in a room exert on the
inside of a window pane that is 40 cm
x 80 cm?
EXAMPLE
S:
EXAMPLE
S:4. When a submarine dives to a depth
of 120 m, to how large a total pressure
is its exterior surface subjected? The
density of seawater is about 1.03
g/cm³.
EXAMPLE
S:5. A weighted piston confines a fluid
density in a closed container. The
combined weight of piston and
weight is 200N, and the cross-
sectional area of the piston is
A=8cm². Find the total pressure at
point B if the fluid is mercury and
h=25cm. What would an ordinary
pressure gauge read at B?
EXAMPLE
S:
EXAMPLES:
7. The U-tube device
connected to the tank is
called a manometer. The
mercury stands higher n
one side than the other.
What is the pressure in the
tank if atmospheric
pressure is 76cm of
mercury?
EXAMPLES:
8. A piece of alloy has a
measured mass of 86g in air and
73g when immersed in water.
Find its volume and its density.