REVIEW

REVIEW:
Types of hypotheses
NULL HYPOTHESIS
• The null hypothesis is an initial claim based
on previous analyses, which the researcher
tries to disprove, reject, or nullify.

• It shows no significant difference or

relationship between two parameters.
• It is denoted by .
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
• The alternative hypothesis is contrary to the
null hypothesis, which shows that
observations are the result of a real effect. .

• It shows a significant difference or

relationship between two parameters.
• It is denoted by .
REVIEW: Types of hypotheses

How to construct the

null and alternative hypoth

Example 1:
The school record claims that
the mean score in Math of the
incoming Grade 11 students is
81. The teacher wishes to find
out if the claim is true.
She tests if there is a
significant difference between
the batch mean score and the
mean score of students in her
class.
NULL HYPOTHESIS
= The mean score of the incoming Grade 11
students is 81 or 𝜇 =81.
= The mean score of the incoming Grade 11
students has no significant difference
with the mean score of her students or 𝜇= x̄
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
= The mean score of the incoming Grade 11
students is 81 or 𝜇 ≠ 81.
= The mean score of the incoming Grade 11
students has no significant difference
with the mean score of her students or 𝜇 ≠ x̄ .
 NULL HYPOTHESIS
= The average daily usage of social media of his
friends is the same as the global average usage

Example 2:
According to a survey, the
average daily usage of social
media worldwide of global ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
internet users amounts to 142 = The average daily usage of social media of
minutes per day. Luffy his friends is higher than the global average
conducts his own survey usage.
among his friends to find out if
their time spent on social
media is significantly higher
than the global survey.
REVIEW: Types of hypotheses
How to construct the and

Types of errors
Type I Error
Rejecting the null hypothesis when
it is true is called a Type I error with
probability denoted by alpha 𝜶.
In hypothesis testing, the normal
curve that shows the critical region
is called the alpha region.
Type II Error
Accepting the null hypothesis when
it is false is called a Type II error
with probability denoted by beta 𝛃
In hypothesis testing, the normal
curve that shows the acceptance
region is called the beta region.

Null Hypothesis Fail to Reject Reject

True Correct Decision
- Failed to reject when
Type I Error
- Rejected when
it is true it is true

False Type II Error

- Failed to reject when
Correct Decision
- Rejected when it
it is false is false
 Null Hypothesis Fail to Reject Reject

True Correct Decision

- Failed to reject when
Type I Error
- Rejected when
it is true it is true

False Type II Error

- Failed to reject when
Correct Decision
- Rejected when it
it is false is false

He doesn't choose a city where demand is

actually high enough.
Example:
Bryan is starting his own food cart TYPE I ERROR
business and he is choosing cities where
he will run his business. He wants to He chooses a city where demand is actually
survey residents and test at 5% level of high enough.
significance whether the demand is high
enough to support his business or not CORRECT DESICION
before he applies for the necessary
permits to operate in his selected city. He chooses a city where demand isn't
He will only choose a city if there is actually high enough.
strong evidence that the demand there
is high enough. We can state the null
TYPE II ERROR
 Admit TICKET
You will be given 3 minutes to
consolidate your thoughts
and craft a reflection about
the things you have learned
from this lesson.