Meiosis, Mitosis and the Cell Cycle

Outcomes:
• Know that cell division by meiosis results in the
formation of gametes.
• Can describe the importance of meiosis in creating
variation by independent assortment of chromosomes
and crossing over.
• Know that cell division by mitosis results in an increase
in number of identical cells for growth and repair.
• Identify and name the stages of mitosis in diagrams and
photomicrographs.
• Describe the cell cycle and relate it to an understanding
of cancer and its treatment.
Replication of chromosomes occurs prior to division
Homologous chromosomes

centromere

chromatids chromosome
Meiosis consists of two divisions

Meiosis 1 Meiosis 2
 Gametes are formed by meiosis:

Homologous
chromosomes
associate
 Outcomes:
• Know that cell division by meiosis results in the
formation of gametes.
• Describe the importance of meiosis in creating variation
by independent assortment of chromosomes and
crossing over.
• Know that cell division by mitosis results in an increase
in number of identical cells for growth and repair.
• Identify and name the stages of mitosis in diagrams and
photomicrographs.
• Describe the cell cycle and relate it to an understanding
of cancer and its treatment.
 Independent segregation increases variation

maternal paternal

Random assortment Random assortment

in meiosis I in meiosis II
 or
maternal paternal

Random assortment Random assortment

in meiosis I in meiosis II
 Crossing over increases variation

recombinant
chromosome

chiasma

In the first division of meiosis the homologous chromosomes associate

 Crossing over increases variation

B B b b

G g G g

B, G B, g b, G b, g

All gametes have a different combination of alleles on the chromosomes

 Outcomes:
• Know that cell division by meiosis results in the
formation of gametes.
• Can describe the importance of meiosis in creating
variation by independent assortment of chromosomes
and crossing over.
• Know that cell division by mitosis results in an increase
in number of identical cells for growth and repair.
• Identify and name the stages of mitosis in diagrams and
photomicrographs.
• Describe the cell cycle and relate it to an understanding
of cancer and its treatment.
 Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells.
metaphase

prophase anaphase

interphase telophase

cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis)

 Stages of mitosis

interphase Chromosomes appear, nucleus disappears

M prophase Chromatids pulled to poles

I
T metaphase Chromosomes invisible; DNA replicates
O
S anaphase Cytoplasmic division
I
S Chromosomes at equator, spindle forms
telophase

cytokinesis Chromatids at poles, nucleus reforms

 Outcomes:
• Know that cell division by meiosis results in the
formation of gametes.
• Can describe the importance of meiosis in creating
variation by independent assortment of chromosomes
and crossing over.
• Know that cell division by mitosis results in an increase
in number of identical cells for growth and repair.
• Identify and name the stages of mitosis in diagrams and
photomicrographs.
• Describe the cell cycle and relate it to an understanding
of cancer and its treatment.
 The cell cycle
interphase

G1:
Growth of daughter cell
cytopla Duplication of organelles
smic di other than nucleus
vision
telophase

nuclear division
anaphase S:
metaphase Replication of
prophase
DNA
G2: Cell checks
DNA and makes any
repairs. Cell prepares
for division
Cancer
 Summary
• Meoisis produces haploid gametes that are genetically different.
Variation is further increased by independent segregation of
chromosomes and crossing over forming recombinant
chromosomes.

• Mitosis is the nuclear division which produces 2 genetically identical,

diploid cells. It consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and
telophase.

• Cell cycle consists of interphase, nuclear division (mitosis or

meiosis) and cytplasmic division (cytokinesis).

• Cancer is caused by mutation of genes that regulate the cell cycle

and treatment is designed to inhibit cell division.