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Clase 1. - de Semiologia Neurologica 1
Clase 1. - de Semiologia Neurologica 1
NEUROCIRUJANO
www.suarezneurocirujano.pe
Según cálculos más recientes de la OMS,
1, 000 millones de personas en el mundo
padecen alguna enfermedad neurológica
Es el 6.3% del total de las enfermedades
mundiales,
generando 12% de las muertes totales.
Trastornos nutricionales
.
y neuropatías 352
Migraña 326
Traumatismos 170
Enfermedades vasculares cerebrales 61
Epilepsia 50
Demencia 24
Infecciones del sistema nervioso 18
Legend:
Prevalence of selected neurologic diseases (US). (Data from Ropper A, Samuels M. Adam
and Victor’s Neurology. 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2009.)
Degenerative diseases
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 5 × 104
Huntington disease 5 × 104
Parkinson disease 5 × 106
Alzheimer disease 5 × 106
Macular degeneration 5 × 107
Autoimmune neurologic diseases
Multiple sclerosis 4 × 105
Stroke, all types 5 × 106
Central nervous system trauma
Head 2 × 106
Spinal cord 2.5 × 105
Metabolic
Diabetic retinopathy 2 × 106
Headache 3 × 107
Epilepsy 3 × 106
Back pain 5 × 107
Peripheral neuropathy
Total 2.5 × 107
Inherited 1 × 104
Diabetic neuropathy 2 × 106
Mental retardation
Severe 1 × 106
Moderate 1 × 107
Schizophrenia 3 × 106
Manic depressive illness 3 × 106
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Table 1–3 Approximate Order of Incidence and Prevalence of Neurologic Conditions in a
General Practice in the United Kingdom
Epilepsy Stroke
Encephalopathy
●
●Oculomotor dysfunction
●Gait ataxia
surrounding the third ventricle,
aqueduct,
fourth ventricle .
The mamillary bodies are involved in virtually all cases,
dorsomedial thalamus,
locus ceruleus,
periaqueductal gray,
ocular motor nuclei, vestibular nuclei, and cerebellum are
commonly affected. Lesions occur less frequently in the
colliculi, fornices, septal region, hippocampus, and
cerebral cortex, which may show patchy, diffuse neuronal
loss and astrocytic proliferation.
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periaqueductal gray,
ocular motor nuclei,
vestibular nuclei,
and cerebellum
. colliculi,
fornices,
septal region,
hippocampus,
and cerebral cortex,
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The encephalopathy is characterized by
profound disorientation,
indifference,
inattentiveness.
If these are less severe and permit higher
cognitive testing, impaired memory and
learning are also evident.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsIQFeY
OkAg
https://studio.youtube.com/video/GkTBoiD0
Zd0/edit
Legend:
Temporal patterns of neurologic disease and examples of each.
Legend:
Temporal patterns of neurologic disease and examples of each.
Legend:
Temporal patterns of neurologic disease and examples of each.
Legend:
Traditional view of brain areas involved in language function including the language comprehension (Wernicke) area, the motor speech (Broca) area, and the arcuate
fasciculus. Lesions at the numbered sites produce aphasias with different features: (1) expressive aphasia, (2) receptive aphasia, (3) conduction aphasia, (4)
transcortical expressive aphasia, and (5) transcortical receptive aphasia. See also Table 1-1. (Modified from Waxman SG. Clinical Neuroanatomy. 26th ed. New York,
NY: McGraw-Hill; 2010.)
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reserved.
Comprension oral
Legend:
Traditional view of brain areas involved in language function including the language comprehension (Wernicke) area, the motor
speech (Broca) area, and the arcuate fasciculus. Lesions at the numbered sites produce aphasias with different features: (1)
expressive aphasia, (2) receptive aphasia, (3) conduction aphasia, (4) transcortical expressive aphasia, and (5) transcortical
receptive aphasia. See also Table 1-1. (Modified from Waxman SG. Clinical Neuroanatomy. 26th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill;
2010.)
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Ewin suarez
2016 alvarado tef
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Date of download: 1/22/2016
reserved.
• el lenguaje se transmite a ambas cortezas
auditivas primarias 41 - 42 y posteriormente
es decodificado en la región temporal
posterior izquierda o área de Wernicke39 40
• A través del fascículo arcuato (giro
supramarginal del lóbulo parietal)
• esta información es enviada hacia el área de
Broca, 44 ubicada en la tercera
circunvolución frontal izquierda.
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From: Neurologic History & Examination
Clinical Neurology, 9e, 2015
Legend:
Traditional view of brain areas involved in language function including the language comprehension (Wernicke) area, the motor
speech (Broca) area, and the arcuate fasciculus. Lesions at the numbered sites produce aphasias with different features: (1)
expressive aphasia, (2) receptive aphasia, (3) conduction aphasia, (4) transcortical expressive aphasia, and (5) transcortical
receptive aphasia. See also Table 1-1. (Modified from Waxman SG. Clinical Neuroanatomy. 26th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill;
2010.)
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Ewin suarez
2016 alvarado tef
McGraw-Hill 996491530All rights
Education. 99
Date of download: 1/22/2016
reserved.
afasias corticales
afasias transcorticales
• afasias se denominan corticales cuando se afecta
el circuito primario del lenguaje
• afasias se denominan transcorticales cuando se
afecta el área perisilviana del hemisferio
izquierdo
• afasias se denominan subcorticales cuando la
lesión ganglios basales del hemisferio izquierdo o
dominante (tálamo, putamen).
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CINCO ESFERAS LOS EXAMINADOS
EN LA EVALUACIÓN DEL
LENGUAJE
• LENGUAJE ESPONTÁNEO,
• NOMINACIÓN,
•REPETICIÓN,
• COMPRENSIÓN
• LECTO-ESCRITURA.
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DR SUAREZ
agnosias
• Perdida de la capacidad para el
reconocimiento del mundo d elos
objetos y aun de su propio cuerpo
pues la sensaciones han perdido
significación
Legend:
Unilateral (left-sided) neglect in a patient with a right parietal lesion. The patient was asked to fill in the numbers on the face of a
clock (A) and to draw a flower (B). (Used with permission from Waxman SG. Clinical Neuroanatomy. 26th ed. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill; 2010.)
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DIAGNOSTICOS NEUROLOGICOS:
SINDROMICO
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………..…
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………..…
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………..…
TOPOGRAFICO
1 …………………………………………………………………………………………
2 …………………………………………………………………………………………
3 ………………………………………………………………………………………..
FISIOPATOLOGICO (NOSOGRAFICO)
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………….…
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………
ETIOLOGICO
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
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• Signos:
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Legend:
Anatomic patterns of involvement resulting from disorders affecting different sites in the nervous system. Filled areas are affected.
DIANOSTICO ETIOLOGICO
Etiologic Category Examples
Nutritional Wernicke encephalopathy (vitamin B1), combined systems disease (vitamin B12)
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OSSAMA AL MEFTY
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ALI CRISS
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