Non Communicable Disease

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NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Non-communicable diseases are not caused by
pathogens or diseases causing organisms such as
bacteria or viruses, but rather, by how people live, by
the conditions with which they are born or by the
hazards around them. It also includes diseases caused
by a breakdown of the body tissues. Poor diet,
environmental and occupational hazards, stress and
tension.
COMMON NON-
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
1. ALLERGY
2. ASHTMA
3. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
4. CANCER
5. DIABETES
6. ARTHRITIS
7. KIDNEY OR RENAL FAILURE
1. ALLERGY
• IS A MISGUIDED REACTION TO FOREIGN
SUBSTANCES BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. THE
SUBSTANCES THAT TRIGGER ALLERGY ARE
CALLED ALLERGEN. PEOPLE PRONE TO
ALLERGIES ARE SAID TO BE ALLERGIC.

HAY FEVER (ALLERGIC RHINITIS)
• MOST COMMON OF THE ALLERGIC DISEASES AND IS
CHARACTERIZED BY SEASONAL NASAL SYMPTOMS
THAT ARE DUE TO POLLENS.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• RUNNY NOSE
• STUFFY NOSE
• SNEEZING
• NASAL ITCHING
• ITCHY EARS AND THROAT
• 6
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ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
• IS INFLAMMATION OF THE TISSUE LAYERS
THAT COVER THE SURFACE OF THE
EYEBALL AND UNDERSURFACE OF THE
EYELID.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• REDNESS UNDER THE LIDS AND THE
EYES
• WATER, ITCHY EYES
• SWELLING OF THE MEMBRANES
ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS

ALLERGIC ECZEMA
• IS AN ALLERGIC RASH USUALLY CAUSED
BY SKIN CONTACT WITH AN ALLERGEN.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• ITCHING, REDNESS, AND OR DRYNESS OF THE
SKIN
• RASH ON THE FACE, ESPECIALLY AMONG
CHILDREN
• RASH AROUND THE EYES, IN THE ELBOW
CREASES AND BEHIND THE KNEES, ESPECIALLY
ALLERGIC ECZEMA

HIVE (URTICARIA)
• ARE SKIN REACTIONS THAT APPEAR AS ITCHY
SWELLINGS AND CAN OCCUR ON ANY PART OF THE
BODY. HIVES CAN BE CAUSED BY AN ALLERGIC
REACTION, SUCH AS TO FOOD OR MEDICATION.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• RAISED RED WELTS OR SWOLLEN MARK
• INTENSE ITCHING

HIVE (URTICARIA)

ALLERGIC SHOCK (ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK)
• IS A LIFE-THREATENING REACTION THAT
CAN AFFECT A NUMBER OF ORGANS AT
THE SAME TIME.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• HIVES OR REDDISH DISCOLORATION OF THE SKIN
• NASAL CONGESTION
• SWELLING OF THE THROAT
• STOMACH PAIN, NAUSEA, VOMITING
• SHORTNESS OF BREATH, WHEEZING
• LOW BLOOD PRESSURE 13
2. ASTHMA
• IS A CHRONIC LUNG DISORDER THAT CAUSES AIRWAYS TO
BECOME INFLAMED, WHICH MEANS THAT THEY SWELL
AND PRODUCE LOT OF THICK MUCUS. THE MUSCLES
SURROUNDING THE AIRWAYS ALSO TEND TO TIGHTEN.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOPMS
• SHORTNESS OF BREATH
• WHEEZING
• COUGHING
• CHEST TIGHTNESS
3. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
• IS A CHRONIC LUNG DISORDER THAT CAUSES AIRWAYS TO
BECOME INFLAMED, WHICH MEANS THAT THEY SWELL
AND PRODUCE LOT OF THICK MUCUS. THE MUSCLES
SURROUNDING THE AIRWAYS ALSO TEND TO TIGHTEN.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOPMS
• SHORTNESS OF BREATH
• WHEEZING
• COUGHING
• CHEST TIGHTNESS
HEART (CARDIO) DISEASES
1. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE – is an abnormality in the heart’s
structure that you’re born with.
2. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE – is the inability of the heart to keep
up with the demands on it, with failure of the heart to pump blood with
normal efficiency.
3. ARRYTHMIA – is a condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or
abnormal rhythm.
4. RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE – characterized by reduced functional
capacity of the heart caused by inflammatory changes.
5. MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION – occurs when the heart muscle tissue
VASCULAR (BLOOD VESSEL)
DISEASES
1. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS– is a group of vascular diseases characterized
by thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.
2. ATHEROSCLEROSIS– is a form of arteriosclerosis. It occurs when
fatty substance such as cholesterol is deposited on the walls the arteries.
3. HYPERTENSION – occurs when blood pressure is higher than
normal.
4. STROKE– occurs when a clot blocks a small blood vessel in the brain,
thus brain cells die from lack of oxygen.
5. ANEURYSM– is an excessive localized enlargement of an artery
4. CANCER
• IS CAUSED BY ABNORMAL CELLS GROWING
WITHOUT CONTROL. AS THESE ABNORMAL CELLS
GROW, THEY FORM IN MASSES CALLED TUMORS.
TUMORS CAN EITHER BE:

BENIGN – masses of cells that are not cancerous and do
not spread
MALIGNANT – masses of cells that are cancerous. They
may spread to other parts of the body by moving along the
blood vessels. This spreading is called metastasis.
MOST COMMON CANCERS
WHERE IT OCCURS HOW COMMON IT IS HOW CURABLE IT IS
1. SKIN MOST COMMON 95% OF TREATED PERSONS

RECOVERED
2. COLON AND RECTUM 2ND MOST COMMON MOSTLY IN ABOUT HALF OF TREATED
MEN BUT INCREASINGLY IN PERSONS LIVE FOR 5 YEARS OR
WOMEN LONGER AFTER TREATMENT
3. LUNGS MOSTLY IN MEN ONLY ABOUT 10% OF TREATED

PATIENT LIVED
4. BREAST MOST COMMON IN WOMEN ABOUT 70% OF TREATED

FEMALES RECOVERED
5 REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN MALE – PROSTATE GLAND, MORE THAN 60% OF PATIENTS

TESTICLE TREATED RECOVERED
WOMEN – CERVIX
6. BONE MARROW
04/29/2024 MOST COMMON TYPE IN ABOUT 85% OF TREATED
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WARNING SIGNS OF CANCER: Remember the word
CAUTION-UP!
C – hange in bowel or bladder habits
A – sore that does not heal
U – nusual bleeding or discharge
T – hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
I – ndigestion or difficulty in swallowing
O – bvious change in wart or mole
N – aging cough or hoarseness
U – nexplained weight loss

20
P – ersistent hoarseness
5. DIABETES
• IS A DISEASE THAT PREVENTS THE BODY FROM
CONVERTING FOOD INTO ENERGY. CARBOHYDRATES
ARE NORMALLY CHANGES INTO SIMPLE SUGAR
CALLED GLUCOSE. INSULIN, THE HORMONE
PRODUCED IN THE PANCREAS, REGULATES THE
LEVEL OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD.

TYPE I DIABETES – is the result of little or no insulin produced by
the pancreas. This can be due to defective immune system which
attack the cells that produce insulin. Usually begins before the age of
40.
TYPE II DIABETES – is the result of too little insulin produced by
the pancreas or failure of the insulin to function normally. Most often
it begins in overweight adults.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES
EXCESSIVEE URINATION
EXCESSIVE THIRST
EXCESSIVE HUNGER
22
THAT MAY RESULT TO WEIGHT LOSS, LACK OF ENERGY AND SHORTNESS OF BREATH.
6. ARTHRITIS
• REFERS TO THE INFLAMMATION OF JOINTS. IT
USUALLY OCCURS DURING OLD AGE.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS – causes pain and swelling in
many joints throughout the body. It is an autoimmune which
happens when the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells by
mistake. This can lead to deformity and crippling.
OSTEOARTHRITIS– is a disease of older people. It results
from the wear and tear of joints, especially those of the hands,
hips, knees and spines.
7. KIDNEY OR RENAL FAILURE
•IS A MEDICAL CONDITION IN WHICH
THE KIDNEYS FAIL TO ADEQUATELY
FILTER WASTE PRODUCTS FROM
THE BLOOD.

COMMON NON- CAUSE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
ALLERGY
ASTHMA
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
CANCER
DIABETES
ARTHRITIS
KIDNEY OR RENAL
FAILURE

Non Communicable Disease

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Non Communicable Disease

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

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TUMORS CAN EITHER BE:

WHERE IT OCCURS HOW COMMON IT IS HOW CURABLE IT IS

1. SKIN MOST COMMON 95% OF TREATED PERSONS

3. LUNGS MOSTLY IN MEN ONLY ABOUT 10% OF TREATED

4. BREAST MOST COMMON IN WOMEN ABOUT 70% OF TREATED

5 REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN MALE – PROSTATE GLAND, MORE THAN 60% OF PATIENTS

U – nexplained weight loss

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