SPOTTERS

CHEMICALS
 CARBOLIC ACID
 Also known as PHENOL
 Obtained from coal tar

 USES: Disinfectant ,Antiseptic

 COD LIVER OIL
 Yellow viscous liquid
 Source: Liver of cod fish

 Has omega 3 fatty acids

 Used as prophylaxis in high risk patients of CAD with

Hyperlipidemia because of their antioxidant and
membrane stabilizing properties.
 IODINE CRYSTALS
 Dark grey coloured
 Uses: Disinfectant,Antiseptic for skin.

 Hypothyroidism,Hyperthyroidism(I131)

 Tincture iodine(I,KI,alcohol)
 MENTHOL
 Obtained from peppermint.
 Waxy crystalline substance white in colour.

 Used to treat GI symptoms(bloating, indigestion), pain,

inflammation, congestion.
 CASTOR OIL
 Sticky yellow liquid
 Obtained from ricinus seeds

 Uses : laxative,emollient
EUCALYPTUS OIL
 Obtained from leaves of eucalyptus globulus
Uses:
 In Respiratory illness: Cough, sore throat, Asthma

 Helps in lowering joint and muscle pain.

 Skin infections.
 POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
 Dark purple crystals
Uses:
 Antiseptic mouth wash (1:4000)

 Urethral vaginal wash

 Fungal infections of foot, Impetigo, Dermatitis.

 Stomach wash in alkaloid poisoning

 TURPENTINE OIL
 Obtained by distillation of resin from pine trees.
 Viscous liquid.

Uses:
 Tooth ache

 Joint ache

 Muscle ache

 Inhaled for lung problem

 SODIUM SALICYLATE
 White crystalline powder acts as NSAIDs.
Uses:
 Analagesic

 Antipyretic

 Anticancer activity(apoptosis)

 S/E : Reye’s syndrome in some children

 REYE’s SYNDROME:
It is associated with viral infection and aspirin use.
This can cause fulminant hepatitis with cerebral
edema often leading to death.
 TINCTURE of CARDAMOM
 Dark pink coloured solution with peculiar odour.
Uses :
 Expectorant in cough syrups

 Carminative mixture

 Mild colic pains

 Nausea

 Flatulence

 Gastric debility
 ETHER (SWEET VITRIOL)
 Class of organic compounds with ether group
 Highly volatile liquid producing irritating vapours that
are inflammable and explosive
Uses:
 Potent anaesthetic

 Analgesic

 Muscle relaxant
 FORMALDEHYDE
 Naturally occuring organic compound
 With formula (H-CHO)

 Simplest aldehyde

Uses:
 Dissolved in water forms formalin
 Disinfectant

 Preservation of specimens.
FORMULAE
TETRACYCLIN
 They are class of antibiotics having nucleus of four
cyclic rings
 Obtained from cultures of Streptomyces bacteria.

 broad spectrum antibiotic- Active orally against wide

range of microbes.
 MOA :Inhibit protein synthesis.
SULFONAMIDE
 Derivatives of para amino benzene sulfonamide
(sulfanilamide)
 Bacteriostatic against gram –ve/+ve

 Often combined with trimethoprim=cotrimoxazole

 Moa : Inhibit bacterial folate synthase

MORPHINE
 Opium obtained from poppy(papaver somniferum
contain10% opium)
 Named after morphius

Uses :
 narcotic analgesic

 Pre anaesthetic medication

 Balanced anaesthesia

 Analgesics in Myocardial infarction

EPINEPHRINE/NON EPINEPHRINE
 Catecholamine hormones ,sympathomimetic mono
amine
 Derived from amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine in
chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
Structure :
 1.One benzene ring

 2.Two hydroxyl group

 3.One amide side chain

ACETYL CHOLINE
 Chemical structure C7H16NO2
 Contains one double bond

 Synthesis: In cholinergic nerve endings

 By combining Ach coA + choline

 Acts on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

CRUDE DRUGS
POPPY SEEDS
 Derived from papaver somniferum and Opium is
extracted from this plant.
 Naturally occuring alkaloids.

 Morphine and codeine are prepared from this which are

used clinically.
 CLOVE
 Botanical name: syzigium aramaticum
 Clove oil is used in toothache as home remedy.

 It has antiinflammtory, antimicrobial, anti oxidant,

anaesthetic properties.
CAMPHOR
 White crystal in nature.
 It’s a CNS stimulant.

 Used for pain relief in head ache.

VINCA ROSEA
 Vincristine is extracted from this plant used as anti-
cancer drug.
 Vinblastin is analogue of vincristine.
GARLIC
 Botanical name: allium sativum.
 The organo sulfur compounds is extracted from leaves.

 Has antiatherosclerosis, antihypertensive

anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial properties.
 Toxic in high amounts.
THULASI
 Botanical name: ocimum sanctum lin.
 Its used in bronchial asthma, skin diseases.

 It possess anticancer, antidiabetic and antifungal

properties.
 NEEM
 Botanical name: azadirachta indica
 Has many medicinal properties like anti-bacterial,
antiviral, antifungal, antihyperglycemic, antimalarial &
anticarcinogenic.
SENNA FOLIUM
 Its an herb used as laxative.
 Its is used to treat constipation & empty the bowel before
surgery.
 Its contraindicated in intestinal obstruction & intestinal
inflammation.

CINNAMON

 It’s a spice comes from barks of trees of cinnamomum

family.
 Used for stimulating appetite.

 Used in diabetes, bronchitis.

ARECA NUT
 Arecoline is a major alkaloid present in arica nut and is
responsible for the pharmacological action.
 Betel chewing results in alertness, increases stamina,
euphoria and salivation.
ALOE VERA
 Botanical name: Aloe barbabensis
 Biological activities include promotion of wound
healing, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and
immunomodulatory.
 Skin hydration and anti ageing actions also seen.
NUX VOMICA
 Used as a rat poison.
 It contains strychnine and brucine which are toxic
substances.
 Medicinal uses: used in digestive problems such as
constipation, bloating, heart burn.
 Used in erectile dysfunction.
HONEY
 It has antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antihypertensive
and also hypoglycemic effect.
 It has a role modulating and development of tumours and
cancers.
 Relieve acid reflux

 Sooth insect bite.

 Used in cough
Thank you