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EDA - Abby
EDA - Abby
Abegail Sato
Content
Introduction
Independent Events
Disjoint Events
Contingency Tables
Introduction
◍ A probability that takes into account a given condition is called a conditional probability.
◍ To find the probability of the event B given the event A, we restrict our attention to the outcomes in
A. We then find in what fraction of those outcomes B also occurred.
◍ P(B/A) = P(A and B)/P(A) ; P(A) ≠ 0
Q Q N N
P(AB) = P(A)P(B|A)
P(A) = C1/ C1 = 2/5
10 25
P(B|A) = 15C1/24C1 = 5/8
Required probability = P(AB) = P(A) P(B|A) = 1/4
Disjoint Events
◍ Disjoint events cannot happen at the same time. A synonym for this term
is mutually exclusive.
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P ( B ) ; P(A ∩ B) = 0
◍ Disjoint events cannot be independent
◍ For example, if we flip a coin in the air and get the outcome as Head, then
again if we flip the coin but this time we get the outcome as Tail. In both Fig : Independent
cases, the occurrence of both events is independent of each other. This is
an example of independent event.
◍ However, the outcome of a single coin toss cannot be a head and a tail is
an example of disjoint event.
Fig : Disjoint
Contingency Tables
◍ Conditional probabilities are the probability that an event occurs given that another event
has occurred.
For example,
Given that a customer is female, what is the probability she’ll purchase a Mac? What is the probability
that the purchase will be a Mac given that the customer is female?
We need to use the female/Mac cell value (87) in the numerator and the female row total in the
denominator (117).
P(A|B) denotes the conditional probability of A occurring given that B has occurred.
P(Mac|Female) = 0.744
Conclusion
Some Real life Examples” Conclusion:
The weatherman might state that your area has a Conditional probability is defined as the
probability of rain of 40 percent. However, this fact likelihood of an event or outcome
is conditional on many things, such as the occurring, based on the occurrence of a
probability of… previous event or outcome. Conditional
probability is calculated by multiplying the
…a cold front coming to your area. probability of the preceding event by the updated
…rain clouds forming. probability of the succeeding, or conditional
…another front pushing the rain clouds away. event.
REFERENCE
◍ www.investopedia.com
◍ www.wikipedia.org/conditionalprobability
◍ Engineering Mathematics Textbook