PROPERTIES OF MOLECULES

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to

 Identify the different properties of molecules ;

 Describe the different properties of molecules; and

 Relate the different properties of molecules to their

polarity by giving examples for each property which
they use on a daily basis.
 What is an atom?
 What are the subatomic particles?
REMINDERS WHILE DOING THE
ACTIVITY:
 Please follow instructions
 Do not taste any of the substances unless
you are told to do so.
 Raise you hand if you have questions
regarding the activity
 Observe cleanliness and orderliness at all
times
 Observe CL-A-Y-GO(Clean As You Go)
ACTIVITY 1: SIMPLE EXPERIMENT
ON POLARITY AND MIXING
SOLUTIONS

Materials:
Beaker
Oil
Spoon
Water
Procedure:
 Pour water in a glass. Water level should be until the
middle part of the glass.
 Put 3 to 5 tablespoons of oil.

 With the spoon, mix well the solutions.

 Let it stand for a few minutes.

 Observe the mixture and answer the questions on the

activity sheet.
PROCESS QUESTIONS:
 What have you observed with the mixture?
 Did the water and oil combine?

 What do you think is the reason?

 Can we use water only to wash off oil from our hands or
spoon?
 How do we wash off oil from our hands or from this beaker?
ACTIVITY 2: HIDE AND
SEEK!
 With the same grouping, you will help each
other in locating words or terms that are hiding
within the puzzle.
 After which you will define or describe a term
assigned to you, using the dictionaries from
your cell phone, through drawing of lots.
 Then you will be given time to describe or
define the terms.
 Atoms- the basic unit of an element
 Molecules-

the combination of two or more atoms of an element or

elements
 PROPERTIES OF POLAR AND NON POLAR
MOLECULES
 Electronegativity
• The property of an atom which increases with its tendency to
attract the electrons of a bond.
• The most electronegative element is fluorine.
• The least electronegative or most electropositive element is
francium.
• The greater the difference between atom electronegativity
values, the more polar the chemical bond formed between them.

• Oil (C-H bond )water (H-O bond)

 PROPERTIES OF POLAR AND NON POLAR
MOLECULES
 Polarity

• Polar molecules have partially positive and negative ends

• When two polar molecules are near each other, the negative end of one
molecule is attracted to the positive end of the other. The separation of
charges results in a strong force of attraction between the molecules(dipole-
dipole)
• On the other hand, nonpolar molecules do not have positive or negative
ends. Between two neighboring nonpolar molecules, the attraction is very
minimal (London dispersion)
• Hydrogen bond – Fluorine (F),Oxygen (O),Nitrogen (N)
 PROPERTIES OF POLAR AND NON POLAR
MOLECULES
 Solubility
• Itrefers to the ability of a solute to dissolve in a certain
amount of solvent.
• Polar solutes dissolve in polar substances
• rule of thumb “like dissolves like”
• Why do or mechanics wash engines using fuel or gasoline?
This is because gasoline dissolves oil, they are both non polar.
 PROPERTIES OF POLAR AND NON POLAR
MOLECULES
 Melting point
• Melting point is the temperature at which a solid turn into liquid.
• Heat is needed to break the forces of attraction between the
molecules.
• Because the polar molecules have relatively stronger forces of
attraction compared to nonpolar ones, greater amount of heat must be
applied to break these forces.
• Therefore, in general, polar molecules have higher melting points than
nonpolar molecules.
 PROPERTIES OF POLAR AND NON POLAR
MOLECULES
 Boiling point
• Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into gas.
• Similar to melting point, greater amount of heat is needed to break the
forces of attraction of polar molecules compared to nonpolar ones.
• Generally, polar molecules have higher boiling points than nonpolar
molecules
 PROPERTIES OF POLAR AND NON POLAR
MOLECULES
 Freezing point
• Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into solid.
• Water- polar; freezing point is 0˚
• Olive oil- non polar; freezing point is from 23˚-5.5˚C
• Generally, non polar molecules freezes faster than polar
molecules
• Cooking oil vs water
USING YOUR PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS: IDENTITY THE POLARITY OF THE
GIVEN MOLECULES (POLAR OR NON POLAR)
USING THE ELECTRONEGATIVITY.
()
Molecule Element with greater Element with lesser Difference Polar or Non
electronegativity electronegativity polar
ASSESSMENT:
Thank you
and
God Bless!!!