UNIT-5

Multi Processors:
Characteristics of Multi-Processor; Interconnection
structures: Timeshared common bus, multiport
memory, crossbar switch, multi-stage switching
network;
Introduction to Flynn’s classification: SISD, SIMD,
MISD, MIMD (Introduction).
Advantages of Multi Processors
 Flynn’s Classification
First proposed by Michael J. Flynn in 1966,
Flynn's taxonomy is a specific classification
of parallel computer architectures that are
based on the number of concurrent
instruction (single or multiple) and data
streams (single or multiple) available in the
architecture.
The four classifications defined by Flynn are based
upon the number of concurrent instruction (or control)
and data streams available in the architecture:
Flynn’s Classification
Single Multiple
Instruction Instruction

Single Data SISD MISD

Multiple Data SIMD MIMD
1. Instructions are decoded by the control unit and then ctrl unit
send the instructions to the processing units for execution.
2. Data Stream flows between the processors and memory bi
directionally.
SISD
SIMD Organisation
 SIMD

Each instruction is executed on a different set of

data by different processors i.e multiple
processing units of the same type process on
multiple-data streams.
This group is dedicated to array processing
machines.
GPUs
Sometimes, vector processors can also be seen
as a part of this group.
 MISD
• MISD (Multiple-Instruction streams, Singe-Data stream)
• Each processor executes a different sequence of instructions.
• In case of MISD computers, multiple processing units
operate on one single-data stream .
• In practice, this kind of organization has never been used
• Multiple instructions operate on one data stream.
• This is an uncommon architecture which is generally used for
fault tolerance.
• For example, Real time computers need to be fault tolerant
where several processors execute the same data for producing
the redundant data.
MISD
MIMD
MIMD
• RISC Pipeline
Arithmetic Pipeline
Instruction Pipeline
Thank You