2.

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS

2.1. THE TSARIST RUSSIA
• Only true autocracy
left in Europe
• No type of
representative political
institutions
• Nicholas II became tsar
in 1884
• Believed he was the
absolute ruler
anointed by God
Tsar Nicholas II and his family
Czar Nicholas II and Family
Russian Krestyanin (Peasant)
The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05
Clandestine
parties .
Opposition
to tsarism
1905 Protests
 1905 Bloody Sunday
Guard members shooting
demonstrators
“Bloody Sunday” (9 Jan. 1905)
Potemkin Mutiny, 1905
General Strike (17 October 1905)
Soviets Establishment
Nicholas II opening the Duma
Moderate February Revolution (1917)

February Bread Riot (Painting)

February (March) 1917
Petrograd, February Revolt of the Pavlovsky
Guards Regiment
Petrograd Demonstration
The Provisional Government
The Provisional Government
• Main Parties:
• Kadets (Liberals)
• Octobrists (progressive aristocrats)
• Progressivists (industrialists and capitalists)
Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies
Alexander Kerensky
Kerensky as Prime Minister
Kornilov Affair
• General Kornilov
attempted to overthrow
Provisional Government
with military takeover
• To prevent this takeover,
Kerensky freed many
Bolshevik leaders from
prison and supplied arms
to many revolutionaries
Bolsheviks Storming the Winter Palace
Inside the Winter Palace
November 1917 elections
January 1918
Bolsheviks
dissolved by
force the
Constituent
Assembly
Decree on Peace
Peace with Germany(Brest Litovsk, March 3rd 1918)
Russia signs peace of Brest-Litovsk

Trotsky
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Soviet Russia
had to accept
many territorial
losses (Finland,
Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania)
Decree on Land
Which countries formed the Triple Which Countries formed the Triple Entente?
Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
France, Germany, Italy France, Britain, Russia
Russia, Britain, Germany France, Germany, Italy
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Russia, Britain, Germany
France, Britain, Russia

When did World War One begin? People were proud of their countries and prepared to fight to
defend them. This is called:
Summer 1914 Nationalism
Summer 1918 Militarism
Winter 1914 Imperialism
Winter 1918 Stupid

Who assassinated Franz Ferdinand? Which country had the most soldiers?
Principal Gavrillo Germany
Gavrilo Princip Austria-Hungary
Pavlio Garip Britain
Gari Principle Russia
Reds and Whites
“Red Terror,” Summer 1918
Did you volunteer for the Red Army?
White Recruitment Poster (1919)
Which side are you on Cossack?
Foreign Intervention
US GIs, Murmansk
White Troops and Their Red Opponents
Devastation of War – Ukraine
Trotsky as Commissar of War
Trotsky as Commissar of War
The Red Cossack
Red Army Armored Train
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Stages of the Russian Civil War
• Nov. 1917 – Nov. 1918
Rising Tensions, Conflict, End of WWI
• Nov. 1918 – Nov. 1919
Peak of White Fortunes in South
• Nov. 1919 – July 1921
Red Victory by 1920, Death of Enver Pasha
• 1921 – Rebellions against the Soviets by peasants, workers, and
soldiers suppressed
The instruments of repression in the Soviet Union.
“LENIN AND STALIN IN SOVIET
PROPAGANDA”

THE FIRST ONE DOING THE

CLEANING TASK…
THE SECOND ONE LEADING THE
USSR….
The Cheka (later
NKVD) or secret police
was created in late 1917
by Lenin and led by Felix
Dzerzhinsky as an
instrument of repression
against contra
revolutionary activity
The Gulag was the government agency that administered the main
Soviet forced labour camp systems.