Products Solutions Services

Electromagnetic Flow Measurement

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Learning Objectives
After this training, the learner

• can explain the electromagnetic flow measuring principle

• can explain the technology's advantages and disadvantages
• can identify the different components of a electromagnetic flow meter and
explain their tasks or functions
• can identify acceptable mounting positions for a electromagnetic flow
meter
• knows the different product lines/families features
• is able to select the suitable device family for an industrial application

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Learning Objectives
After this training, the learner

• can explain the different option to configure the device

• is able to perform a basic set-up of a device
• is able to judge the advantages and disadvantages of the different
configuration/communication methods

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Content

• History
• Measurement Principle
• Application Areas
• Device Components
• Process and Media Influences
• Installation Hints
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Summary
• Overview Product Families
• Product Features / Limitations
• Summary : When to use which?

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Products Solutions Services

History

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 History

Michael Faraday Priest Father Bonaventura

Thurlemann
(1791 -1867) English
(1909 -1997)Swiss

Michael Faraday discovered that Priest Thürlemann applied this knowledge to

electrical current can be generated electrically conductive liquids flowing in
with a magnetic field. pipes and built the world’s first
electromagnetic flow meter.
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Products Solutions Services

Measurement Principle

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Measuring Principle

Ue  B  L  v
B = Strength of Magnetic Field
L = Length of Conductor
v = Velocity of Conductor

UU~~vv

U = Induced voltage
v = Flow velocity

Q
Q==vvxxAA
Approx. 300 V/m/s Q = Volume flow
v = Flow velocity
A = Pipe area

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Ranges of Conductivity

Oil, Hydrocarbons
0.05 µS/cm Ultra pure water

Water: Pure water

1 µS/cm
Min. Conductivity 5 µS/cm
for EMF’s
10 µS/cm 20 µS/cm Industrial water
Min. Conductivity
for EMF’s in water
100 µS/cm
Potable water
1 mS/cm
Food: Beer
Milk
10 mS/cm Orange juice
Apple juice
Tomato juice
100 mS/cm
Process: Phosphoric acid
Sulphuric acid
1000 mS/cm Hydrochloric acid
Caustic soda

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Conductivity Measuring Principle

The impedance R
of the generated
voltage is
depending on the
fluid’s
conductivity.

R ≈ Conductivity

Conductivity is a temperature
dependent unit Inside of the EPD electrode
PT1000

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The Electromagnetic Measuring Principle

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Bidirectional flow measurement with MID flowmeter?

Bidirectional: Capable of reacting or functioning in two usually

opposite directions

MID flow meters are bidirectional!!!!

YES NO

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Products Solutions Services

Application Areas

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Rough Classification of Applications
• Conductive liquids
>80% of all liquids are conductive (Drinking- and
waste water, beverages, acids, alkalines, etc.)

• Non conductive liquids

Oils, hydro carbons, liquefied gases, demineralized
water

• Gas
Air, nitrogen, natural gas, biogas, etc.

• Steam
Saturated and superheated steam
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Electromagnetic Flow Measurement Applications




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Products Solutions Services

Device Components

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Device Components

Transmitter housing Electrical terminal

compartment

Display/HMI

Measuring Electrodes
Flanges

Coil System

Liner

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 Coil System

The magnetic field is generated by two copper-wire coils with magnetic

cores mounted outside the measuring tube. Both DC and AC excitation
systems are used.

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Electrodes

EPD electrode

Measuring
electrode Measuring
electrode

Reference
electrode

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Measuring Electrodes
The electrodes material might be stainless steel, hastelloy, tantalum
platinum/rhodium or TSP other materials.
Far more then 90% of all applications are successful with the standard
electrodes.

Standard electrode

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EPD Electrode
Problem:
• The empty pipe detection electrode must be at the highest point of a
horizontally installed EMF to work properly
Solution:
• Installed in a horizontal pipe the EMF transmitter/terminal housing
must be located on top of the pipe
Make sure the EPD is at the top of pipe

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 Ref Electrode / Grounding
For MID meters, it’s important not only that the
meter is grounded, but that there is no potential
being carried by the fluid.

Typically pipes grounded, which can ground the

fluid.

We are also using additional grounding options:

• Reference electrode helps if small amount of

voltage being carried.
• Grounding cables / grounding rings /disks can be
used to ensure there’s no potential

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Build-up on Measuring Electrodes

• Conductive coating leads to

electrical short circuit(i.e.
Magnetite)
• Non-conductive coating leads
to isolation of the signal(i.e.
fat in wastewater)

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Electrode Cleaning Circuit (ECC)

• The ECC applies a short voltage burst to the measuring electrodes. This
AVOIDS the build up of a Magnetite deposit around the electrodes
successfully.

• ECC inhibits the build-

up of (conductive)
coating.

• ECC will not remove the

existing coating and the
instruments needs to be
mechanically cleaned.

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 Liner

PFA

PTFE

Hard Rubber

Natural Rubber

Polyamide(PA)

Polyurethane (PU)

The selection of the liner determines the lifetime of the meter

Making the wrong choice may reduce the lifetime

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Products Solutions Services

Process and Media Influences

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 Influences on the measuring system

• Conductivity
• Flow Profile
• Completely Filled Pipe
• Entrained Gas
• Corrosion / Abrasion /
Build-up
• Cavitation
• Velocity

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Conductivity

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Flow Profile
The flow profile (Re number) influences the various available flow
measurement technologies in different ways. MID technology is influenced,
but not too much. Because of that , we do not need very long inlet run for
that technology.

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 Completely Filled Pipe
The pipe must always be completely filled, even it is that big 

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Entrained Gas

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Corrosion / Abrasion / Build-up

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 Pressure lost / Cavitation

Cavitation is defined as the process of formation of the vapor phase of a liquid

when it is subjected to reduced pressures at constant ambient temperature.

If the head pressure is < vapor

pressure vapor and gas bubbles
are formed

If cavitation before or in a
flowmeter occur it will lead to
additional measurement error or
damages

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 Velocity
For dimensioning of pipe diameter it is good engineering practice to
follow the following recommendations:

For certain fluids max. velocities exist for safety reasons, to protect the measured
product from damage / quality loss, etc. Here a few examples:

• Oxygen gas - Flammable

• Slurries (minerals in liquids)
low velocity = pipe blockage
high velocity = abrasion
• Milk, Blood and similar sensitive liquid

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Products Solutions Services

Installation Hints

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Installation Electromagnetic Flowmeter

Install the flow meter according to the installation recommendation

with sufficient straight pipe

The EMF is by principle not

very sensitive to a disturbed
flow profile yet to obtain the
specified accuracy no
compromises should be made

Always consider the

worst case disturbance

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Installation Electromagnetic Flowmeter

• Mounting Location - general

• Recommended installation in a vertical pipeline.
• Sensors may not be installed on the pump suction side

• Drain ability and Clean ability: under all conditions

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Products Solutions Services

Advantages / Disadvantages

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Electromagnetic Flowmeter Advantages
• The principle is virtually independent of pressure, density, temperature and
viscosity

• Even fluids with entrained solids can be

metered (e.g. ore slurry, cellulose pulp)

• Large nominal-diameter range available

(DN 2 to 2400)

• No pressure losses

• No moving parts

• Free pipe cross-section(CIP/SIP cleaning, piggable)

• Very high turndown

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Electromagnetic Flowmeter Disadvantages
• Only conductive liquids can be measured.

• Measurement is more difficult if the liquid is only weakly conductive,

e.g. with demineralized water.

• Deposits inside the measuring

tube or on the electrodes
can cause errors.

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Products Solutions Services

Summary

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Summary

Which applications can be covered with electromagnetic flow meters?

Conductive Liquids

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Summary
Which values can be measured with electromagnetic flow meters?

Volume Temperature Conductivity

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Products Solutions Services

Overview Electromagnetic Flow Meter Families

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Overview Electromagnetic Flow Meters (DN2 – DN2400)

Small/Big Sizes Compact/Remote Versions

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Overview Electromagnetic Flow Meters

Compact, industrial sensors,

Flexible, innovative transmitters, which
which is identified by a letter:
is identified by a number: 10, 50, 51,
E, H, P, D, S, W, L
53, 55, 100, 200, 300, 500, 400, 800

special versions: Magphant , Dosimag

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Transmitter Segmentation

10 50 51 53 55

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Transmitter Segmentation – New platform

100 200 300 500 400 800

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Sensor Segmentation

E H S P

D L W

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 Sensor / Transmitter Combinations
Sensor / E H P W L D S
Transmitter
10      
50      
51  
53     
55  
100   
200  
300  
400   
500   
800 

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 Products Solutions Services

Electromagnetic Flow Meters Product Features / Limitations

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Electromagnetic Flow Meters Product Features /
Limitations
• Features / Limitations • Additional Features
• Fluid conductivity • Display
• Available diameters • Housing
• Measuring range • Reverse Flow Compensation
• Turn Down • Mass Flow Calculation Software
• Process temperature • Web Server
• Process pressure • Data storage concept (HistoROM)
• Wetted parts ( chemical compatibility) • Heartbeat Technology
• Flow accuracy
• Conductivity accuracy
• Process connection
• Power supply
• Output signals
• Certificates

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Fluid Conductivity

• Transmitter 10 / 800 : The minimum conductivity

≥ 50 μS/cm for fluids generally

• Transmitter 200 : The minimum conductivity

≥ 20 μS/cm for fluids generally

• Transmitter 50 / 51 / 53 /55 / 100 / 300 /400 / 500: The minimum

conductivity
≥ 5 μS/cm for fluids generally
≥ 20 μS/cm for demineralized water

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Available Diameters
Sensor E H P S

Ø (ND) 15 - 600 2 – 150 25 – 600 15 - 600

(with 200 (with 200
transmitter transmitter
2-25) 15-200)

Sensor W L D

Ø (ND) 25 - 2000 25 – 2400 25 – 100

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Measuring Range
Flow rates of the different sensor models in m3 per hour.

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Turn Down

Physical measuring range: 0 – 2000 m3/h

Adjusted measuring range: 0-200 m3/h

=> turn down = 2000/200

10:1
Electromagnetic Flow Meters Turn Down ≈ 100:1

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 Process Pressure & Temperature

L W P H S E D
Max.
PN 16 PN 40 PN 40 PN 40 PN40 PN 40 PN 16
Pressure

0->80
-40->130
0->80 -20->50
Temp. 0->80 -20->150
-20->50 -20->150 -40->130 -10->110 0->60
range (°C) -20->50 (180
-20->90 -20->180
possible)
0->60

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 Wetted Parts

L W P H S E D
Hard rubber
Hard rubber Hard rubber Polyurethan
Liner PTFE Polyamide
Polyurethan Polyurethan PFA PTFE PTFE
material PFA
PTFE PFA
Natural rubber
316L
316L
316L Alloy C22 316L
316L Alloy C22
Electrode 316L Alloy C22 Tantalum Alloy C22
material Alloy C22 Tantalum 316L
Alloy C22 Tantalum Platinum Tantalum
Tantalum Platinum
Duplex
Titanium

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Flow Accuracy

Highest accuracy :
± 0.2 % o.r.(optional)
± 0.5% o.r. (standard)

(o.r. = of reading)

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Conductivity Accuracy

Conductivity
Accuracy :
Max. measured
error not specified.

Measuring range :
5... 10'000 µS /cm

Promag H with Proline

transmitter : combining
Promag P / E / W / L with Proline
volume flow as well as
transmitter : combining volume flow as
temperature and
well as conductivity measurement
conductivity
measurement

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Process Connections

• Flange (ANSI/ASME, DIN, JIS)

• Threaded
• Tri-clamp/Clamp
• SMS
• …

1 3

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 Process Connection
E H P W L D S

Flange    
Flange(lap joint) 
Flange(hygienic) 
Thread(hygienic) 
Tri-Clamp / Clamp 
SMS 
Welding nipple 
Sandwich 

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Power Supply
Transmitter : 10 /50 /53 /55 / 300 / 400 / 500
• 4-wire
• 220 V AC, 24 V AC/DC
Transmitter : 300 / 500 (digital) for Non-Hazardous
and Zone2 Areas
• 4-wire
• 24 V AC/DC to 220 V AC
Transmitter : 100
• 4-wire
• 24 V DC
Transmitter : 200 Transmitter : 800
• 2-wire • 4-wire
• 24 V DC • 220 V AC, 24 V AC / DC, Battery

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 Output Signals
Transmitter 10 50 53 55 100 200 300 / 400 800
type 500

Output

Pulse
Frequency
4-20 mA plus

DP/PA DP/PA DP/PA DP PA PA DP

/
GSM
S
GPR

Integrated
Wireless HART

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 Certificate

• Hazardous Area Approvals

• Hygienic Certification (3A,

EHEDG, FDA etc )

• Drinking Water Approval ( ACS,

KTW/W270, NSF 61, WRAS BS
6920)

• Custody Transfer Approval

• SIL – (Safety Integrated Level)

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Products Solutions Services

Additional Features

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Display

10/50 53/55

Four-line backlight display with touch

Two-line display with push buttons
buttons

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 Display

100 200 300 500 400 /800

Four-line display with Four-line display with

Two-line display no
mechanical push touch buttons. Optional: Four-line display with
buttons for local Four-line display with
buttons or Remote display touch buttons. Optional:
configuration touch buttons.
touch buttons. Optional: Optional: WLAN WLAN
Remote display

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Housing
10 50 53 55
Compact
(Aluminum)

Compact
(Stainless Steel)

Remote Field Housing

(Aluminum)

Remote Wall Housing

(Aluminum)

Protection Class for all housing : IP 67

Optional : 10 /50/53 /55 Remote housing: sensor will be IP 68

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 Housing
100 200 300 400 500 800
Compact
(Aluminum)
Compact
(Stainless Steel) Op: Ultra-Compact

Compact
(Poly-carbonate)
Remote
(Aluminum)
Remote
(Stainless Steel)
Digital Remote
(Aluminum)
Digital Remote
(Poly-carbonate)

Protection Class for all housing : IP 66/67

Optional 100 SS : IP 69K - Optional W / L with remote transmitter: IP 68

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Certified Corrosion Protection

Blue coating suitable for:

• …underwater installations
≤ 3m (≤10 ft) permanent or
≤ 10m (≤30 ft) for 48 hours, fulfills class Im1
acc. EN/ISO 12944
• …saline environment, fulfills class
C5-M acc. EN/ISO 12944

Gray coating suitable for:

• …direct buried installations and submerged
in corrosive water (wastewater) up to 3m
(≤10 ft), fulfills corrosion protection class
Im 2 and Im 3 acc. EN/ISO 12944

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Standard Feature / Reverse Flow Compensation

“Reverse flow
compensation”
software with all
bidirectional meters.

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Standard Feature / Mass Flow Calculation

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Standard Feature / Web Server

Web server
• Time-saving
onsite operation without additional
software
• Comprehensive access to device,
diagnostics and process information
• Fast upload /download

We do not have web server with 2-wire

devices and measuring devices with Modbus
RS485 and battery operatered device

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 Standard & Optional Feature / Data Storage Concept

HistoROM is a data storage technology which includes the

handling and automatic securing of device ​and configuration
data. With event and data logging support for a quick failure
analysis.

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 HistoROM
• Promag 50 : S-DAT
• Promass 53 /55 : S-DAT & T-DAT & (optional - F-Chip)

• Promag 100 : S-DAT & T-DAT

• Promag 200 : S-DAT & Embedded HistoROM & Display Memory &
(optional- Extended HistoROM)
• Promag 400: S-DAT & T-DAT & (optional- Extended HistoROM
• Promag 300 / 500 : S-DAT & T-DAT & Integrated Device Memory &
(optional- Extended HistoROM)
• Promag 800 : Measured values stored in non-volatile memory in a data logger
SD card

S-DAT T-DAT

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Display Memory

Backup data
via display

Display HistoROM

Restore data
via display

Display HistoROM

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 Optional Features / Application Packages

53 / 55 type transmitters have Function-Chip F-CHIPTM(optional)

F-chip functionalities

• Advanced Diagnostics ( with 55)

• Solid flow calculation( with 55)

• Batching capabilities ( with 53)

• ECC electrode cleaning (with 50 as a software

option, with 53/55 F-Chip)

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 Optional Features / Application Packages

Application packages for new platform

• Heartbeat Technology ( with 100/ 200 / 300 / 400 / 500 )

• ECC electrode cleaning (with 100 / 300 /400 / 500, except D sensor )

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 Optional Features / Heartbeat Technology™

Heartbeat Technology™ provides the most comprehensive

spectrum of built-in diagnostics and verification. Traceable
factory calibration, and redundant references inside the device
ensure highest reliability.
Continuous output
of diagnostics data On demand
which might help confirmation
controlling the that the meter
process to an is OK/Not OK
external condition
monitoring system
(e.g. FieldCare)

Continuous self-diagnostics of flow meter

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Optional Features / Heartbeat Technology™

Continuous/ on demand crosschecking between redundant /

factory references, to detect any drift before the meter runs
out of the specified measurement uncertainty.

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Optional Features / Heartbeat Technology™

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Products Solutions Services

When to use which?

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 When to use which?
When to use which sensor?
E H P S
▸Simple ▸Hygienic ▸Chemical / Processing ▸For inhomogeneous or
applications, applications industries, demanding abrasive fluids. For
economic and Ex applications fluids with solid
content

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When to use which?
When to use which sensor?
D L W
▸Water / Wastewater ▸Water / Wastewater ▸Water / Wastewater
applications, shorter applications, big size lap-join applications, big size (IP68)
installation length flange (till DN300) underground or underwater
applications

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When to use which?
When to use which transmitter?

10 50 51 53 55
▸Simple ▸Standard ▸Custody transfer ▸Demanding ▸Demanding
applications applications applications applications applications (for
inhomogeneous fluids)

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 When to use which?
When to use which transmitter?

100 200 300 400 500 800

▸ Simple ▸ 2-wire ▸Demanding ▸ Water ▸Demanding ▸ Battery
applications applications applications /Wastewater Applications powered
applications (with remote
transmitter)

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Special Models

accuracy display protection version output output

class value signal
0.25%
pulse
between 1 to
relay
4m/s No local
IP 67/68 compact volume flow Modbus
operation
RS428
else 0.5%
Dosimag

4-20mA
2.0% rotary dial IP 66 compact flow speed
relay
Magphant

Dosimag for filling of dosing applications

Magphant for flow detection

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Products Solutions Services

Thank
Any you very much for your attention
Questions?

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