ART

APPRECIATION
TOPIC: RELATE THE STUDY OF ART APPRECIATION TO THE
FIELDS OF PHILOSOPHY AND ANTROPOLOGY.
WHAT IS ART???
 WHAT IS
PHILOSOPHY???
 FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVE IN ART
• Aristotle claimed that every particular
substance in the world has an end, or
telos in Greek, which translates into
"purpose."
• Every substance, defined as formed
matter, moves according to a fixed path
towards its aim.
This telos, according to Aristotle, is
intricately linked with function.
• For a thing to reach its purpose, it also
has to fulfill its function.
FUNCTIONS
OF ART
“An inquiry on the function of art is an inquiry on
what art is for.”
• Example:
What is the Rizal monument for?
- When it comes to function, different
art forms come with distinctive
functions.
- Some art forms are more functional
than others.
 DOES IT MEAN THAT PAINTINGS AND
LITERARY WORKS CAN NEVER HAVE ANY
FUNCTION?
- Dr. Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibustirismo
- The novels accrued value and as a
consequence, function.
- They are functional in so far as they
are designed to accomplish some
definite end.
 FUNCTIONS OF ART

SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF ART PERSONAL FUNCTIONS OF ART

- Art is considered to have a social function if and - The personal functions of art are varied and
when it addresses a particular collective interest as highly subjective.
opposed to a personal interest. - Functions depends on the artist who created the
-Art may convey message of protest, contestation, art.
or whatever message the artist intends his work to - An artist may create an art out of self-
carry. expression, entertainment, or therapeutic purpose.
-Political art is a very common example of an art
with a social function.
- Art can also depict social conditions such as
photography (pictures of poverty)
- Performance art like plays or satires can also
rouse emotions and rally people toward a
particular end.
 FUNCTIONS OF ART
PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
- The physical functions of art can be
found in artworks that are crafted in
order to serve some physical purpose.
- Architecture, jewelry-making,
interior design all serves physical
functions.
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART
- Music was principally used for
dance and religion.
• In the Roman Catholic world, the
employment of sculptures for
religious purposes has remained
vital, relevant, and symbolic.
• Architecture may be the most
prominent functional art.
• Unlike other forms of art,
buildings take so much time to
erect and destroy.
 PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
 ART AS AN IMITATION

• In Plato's The Republic, paints a picture of artists as imitators and art as mere
imitation.
• In his description of the ideal republic, Plato advises against the inclusion of
art as a subject in the curriculum and the banning of artists in the Republic.
• In Plato's metaphysics or view of reality, the things in this world are only
copies of the original, the eternal, and the true entities that can only be found
in the World of Forms.
• For example, the chair that one sits on is not a real chair. It is an imperfect
copy of the perfect "chair" in the World of Forms.
• Plato was convinced that artists merely reinforce the belief in copies and
discourage men to reach for the real entities in the World of Forms.
 ART AS AN REPRESENTATION

- Aristotle, agreed with Plato that art is a form of imitation.

- However, Aristotle considered art as an aid to philosophy in revealing the truth.
- The kind of imitation that art does is not antithetical to the reaching of fundamental
truths in the world.
- Unlike Plato who thought that art is an imitation of another imitation, Aristotle
conceived of art as representing possible versions of reality.
• For Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to represent reality as it is, it endeavors to
provide a version of what might be or the myriad possibilities of reality.
• In Aristotelian worldview, art serves two particular purposes:
* Art allows for the experience of pleasure (horrible experience can be
made an object of humor)
*Art also has an ability to be instructive and teach its audience things
about life (cognitive)
 ART AS AN DISINTERESTED JUDGMENT

• Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, considered the judgment of

beauty, the cornerstone of art, as something that can be universal despite its
subjectivity.
• Kant recognized that judgment of beauty is subjective.
• However, even subjective judgments are based on some universal criterion
for the said judgment.
EXAMPLE:
HOW ARE THESE TWO STATEMENTS DIFFERENT?
1. "I like this painting."
2. "This painting is beautiful.“
• The first is clearly a judgment of taste (subjective), while the second is
an aesthetic judgment (objective).
• Making an aesthetic judgment requires us to be disinterested. In other
words, we should try to go beyond our individual tastes and preferences
so that we can appreciate art from a universal standpoint.
 WHAT IS
ANTHROPOLOGY???
What is anthropology in art
appreciation?
• Anthropology of art is a sub-field in
social anthropology dedicated to the
study of art in different cultural contexts.
The anthropology of art focuses on
historical, economic and aesthetic
dimensions in non-Western art forms,
including what is known as 'tribal art'.
• The anthropology of art studies and
analyses the wide range of material
objects produced by people around the
world. These are considered not merely
as aesthetic objects but are understood to
play a wider role in people's lives, for
instance in their beliefs and rituals.
 What is aesthetics in philosophy?
- Before we can understand what is aesthetics in philosophy, we need to have
a clear understanding about aesthetics meaning.
It explores criteria for judging
beauty, the role of the artist, and
the relationship between art and
society. It also analyzes
Aesthetics is a branch of aesthetic values and is
expressed through opinions and The word "aesthetic" has its
philosophy that deals with judgments. roots in the Ancient Greek
the nature of beauty, art, language. It is derived from the
and taste, and the creation Greek word "aisthēsis," which
and appreciation of beauty. means "sensation" or
"perception". The Greek word
"aisthēsis" is related to the verb
"aisthanomai," meaning "I
perceive, sense, learn".
AESTHETICS
So what is aesthetics in philosophy?
-Aesthetics studies fundamental issues about the nature of art, beauty and what constitutes an aesthetic
experience. According to the esthetics definition, this philosophical idea is concerned with questions such as:
*What is beauty?
*How is beauty related to other concepts such as truth and goodness?
* What are the criteria for judging whether something is beautiful or not?
*What is the relationship between art and society?
- It is a subject that has fascinated philosophers, artists, and thinkers for centuries, and continues to do so today.
Aesthetics meaning encompasses a wide range of topics, including the nature of aesthetic experience, the purpose
of art, and the relationship between art and culture.
- It is concerned with understanding the principles and criteria that underlie our judgments of what is beautiful,
and how such judgments relate to our experiences of pleasure, emotion, and meaning.
- The philosophy of aesthetics and beauty also explores the relationship between art, society, and culture, and the
role that art plays in shaping our values, beliefs, and identity.
- Aesthetics philosophy is an important area of inquiry that has fascinated scholars, artists, and thinkers for
centuries.
 KEY CONCEPTS IN AESTHETICS PHILOSOPHY
- One of the key concepts in esthetics definition is the idea of the aesthetic experience. This refers to the experience
of beauty or pleasure that we feel when we encounter a work of art, a natural landscape, or any other object or
phenomenon that we find aesthetically pleasing.
- The aesthetic experience is often described as a feeling of “awe” or “transcendence” that transports us beyond our
everyday concerns and into a realm of pure sensation and emotion.
- Another important concept in aesthetics meaning is the idea of taste. Taste refers to our individual preferences and
judgments about what is beautiful or aesthetically pleasing.
- While some people may find a particular work of art or music beautiful, others may find it unappealing or even
ugly. Taste is influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural background, personal experiences, and social
norms.
-The concept of the sublime is also central to aesthetics meaning. The sublime refers to experiences that are both
awe-inspiring and terrifying, such as the sight of a majestic mountain range or a violent storm. The sublime is often
associated with a sense of overwhelming power or grandeur that inspires feelings of both fear and reverence.
 CONTEMPORARY VIEWS OF AESTHETICS

- What is aesthetics in philosophy today? In contemporary discussions, aesthetics

philosophy has moved beyond art to include all areas involving aesthetic experience and
judgment.
- Aesthetics has broadened to include areas like eco-aesthetics which deals with
aesthetic appreciation of nature. Feminist aesthetics also examines issues of gender in
aesthetic experience and creation of art.
- Aesthetics meaning also touches upon theoretical questions like the relationship
between beauty, truth and morality. It examines debates regarding whether aesthetic
qualities are intrinsic or socially constructed. Contemporary debates also address
multiculturalism and diversity in aesthetics.
THE RELEVANCE OF AESTHETICS IN OUR LIVES
- The philosophy of aesthetics and beauty may seem like an esoteric and abstract
subject, but it has important implications for our everyday lives.
- For example, our aesthetic preferences can influence our choices in fashion, home
décor, and even the food we eat. Aesthetics also play a role in our experiences of nature,
architecture, and urban design.
- Furthermore, the study of aesthetics can help us to understand the ways in which art
and culture shape our perceptions and beliefs.
- By examining the ways in which different cultures and historical periods have
understood beauty and art, we can gain insights into the diversity and complexity of
human experience.
THANK YOU FOLKS,
FOR LISTENING!