Course Leader: Reymund Lopez Sabay, Ph. D.

 Ethics refers to the study

of principles and values
that guide human behavior
and decision-making.
 It involves evaluating what
is morally right or wrong,
just or unjust, and good or
bad.
 Ethics provides a
framework for individuals
and societies to determine
how to navigate complex
situations, make choices,
and interact with others in
a way that aligns with
certain standards of
conduct and morality.
 Professional ethics refers to the
moral guidelines and principles that
govern the behavior and conduct of
individuals within a specific
profession.
 These ethics help professionals
make ethical decisions and uphold
their responsibilities to clients,
colleagues, the public, and the field
as a whole.
 Ethical issues within a profession
are situations or dilemmas that
involve conflicting values or
principles and require careful
consideration and resolution.
Legal and Ethical Consideration in Artificial Intelligence in
Healthcare: Who Takes Responsibility?
 CODE OF CONDUCT is a set of values, rules,
standards, and principles outlining what
employers expect from staff within an
organization

• a defined set of rules,

principles, values, employee
expectations, behaviours, and
relationships that a business
considers important and
believes necessary for its
success.
A code of conduct is a vital asset for any
company to have.

What is a code of Why create a What to include in Code of conduct How to enforce a
conduct? code of conduct a code of conduct examples code of conduct
What is a code of
conduct?
 A code of conduct is a set of values, rules, standards, and
principles outlining what employers expect from staff within
an organization.
 Often codes of conduct take big picture ideas tied to the
business’s overall mission and core values and relate them to
the behavior and practices they desire from staff on a day-to-
day basis.
 Creating a code of conduct is a statement from leadership
laying out their expectations and communicating the ethical
principles they feel are most fundamental to success.
Generally, it reflects the culture already present, or the
culture leadership is looking to promote.
 A code of conduct is closely related to a code of ethics, to the
extent where the phrases are often interchangeable.
However, while there is tremendous overlap, there is
also a slight nuance between the two

 A code of ethics is broader, providing a set of

principles that affect employee mindset and decision-
making.
 A code of conduct offers principles defining the
ethics of a business, but it also contains specific rules
for employee actions and behavior.
Generally, both are combined into a single document,
and an organization rarely has a different code for
each.
 A code of conduct in practice
can range from big picture
ideals to specific rules.
 For example, a code of
conduct can outline how
employees should behave to
reflect the organization’s
wider mission, but it can
also define fixed regulations
related to internal practices
such as dress code or break
policy.
 A code of conduct could
emphasize ethical attitudes and
staff communication policies to
prevent conflict or harassment
while also outlining the
consequences for poor behaving
that violates the code.
 WHY CREATE A CODE OF
CONDUCT
 You can think of adopting a code of
conduct as the organization making a
commitment to self-regulation.
Leadership is putting into writing the
conduct they expect from their
employees and the ethical principles they
want to guide them.
 With a code of conduct in place, the
organization has a framework to inform
ethical decision-making for each and
every stakeholder. While it isn’t a turn-
key solution to every dilemma an
employee faces, it shows staff the
organization’s guiding principles and helps
them make better choices in their daily
activities.
 A code of conduct is also a vital part of a
company’s compliance and legal policies.
For example, in the US, public
organizations must
have a code of conduct in place. Plus,
from a compliance point of view, if an
employee engages in illegal activity while
at work, a code of conduct provides
documentation showing they broke
company policy.
BY CREATING A
CODE OF CONDUCT:
 The staff understands what rules and
expectations management has. It defines
how to act while at work, how to
communicate both internally and
externally, and helps employees be
successful at the company.
 The organization has concrete company
policies to help with compliance training.
 Potential customers and business partners
understand the values of the organization.
 So far, we have focused on the internal
effects of a code of conduct.
 But creating a code of conduct also has
benefits in attracting new customers.
 Showing the values that the organization
believes in, and backing it up with
actions, can help engender a positive and
receptive attitude from potential
customers.
 WHAT TO INCLUDE IN
A CODE OF CONDUCT
While all businesses are different, and no two
codes of conduct are the same, recurring
factors and themes are found among
successful ones.
Your organization’s specific purpose for
adopting a code of conduct will define the
scope to aim for. Some choose to focus on
only the most essential values and guidelines
to not overburden employees with
information they may forget. Some seek to be
more comprehensive and produce
documentation covering as many aspects as
possible.
 Your code of conduct should include
information in some form regarding:
 The values your organization believes in
 Guidelines for behavior
 Day-to-day business practices
 How employees should interact with
outside parties
 It is also essential to define
the procedures and
consequences of code
violations where applicable. It
may be more challenging to
identify a code of conduct
violation when it comes to
company values. However,
employees should know the
disciplinary processes for fixed
rules (harassment, tardiness,
etc.).
 Finally, codes of conduct are
typically prefaced with a letter
from the CEO that provides a
personal touch and emphasizes
the leadership team’s
commitment to the principles
and rules it contains.
Listed are important factors to
consider for inclusion in your
code of conduct.

These are grouped into the four

main areas described above.

While covering every element

detailed here may seem
unrealistic, especially for new or
small businesses, it is better to
have something in place than
react and define policies after an
issue arises.
IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR
INCLUSION IN YOUR CODE OF CONDUCT
IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR
INCLUSION IN YOUR CODE OF CONDUCT

https://www.aihr.com/hr-glossary/work-behavior/
IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR
INCLUSION IN YOUR CODE OF CONDUCT
IMPORTANT FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR
INCLUSION IN YOUR CODE OF CONDUCT
CODE OF CONDUCT EXAMPLES

https://www.valamis.com/hub/code-of-conduct

Listed below are five real-

world code of conduct
examples from successful
companies.

VISA
 Multinational financial
services corporation Visa
has developed a detailed
and wide-reaching
code of business conduct
and ethics
with the slogan:
“Integrity. Everyday.
Everywhere.”
CODE OF CONDUCT EXAMPLES
 It opens with a letter from the CEO stating the
company’s commitment to integrity and the need https://www.valamis.com/hub/code-of-conduct
to continually earn the trust of their clients by
acting with the highest ethical standards every
day. The code of conduct is structured using Visa’s
six leadership Principles:
 We lead by example – Be accountable, Treat
others with respect, and Demonstrate a passion
for our business
 We communicate openly – Promote a shared
vision, Communicate effectively, Value other’s
perspectives
 We enable and inspire – Inspire Success, Remove
barriers, and Value inclusivity and diversity
 We excel with partners – Build strong
relationships inside and outside of Visa, Provide
excellent customer service, and Take a solutions
oriented approach
 We act decisively – Challenge the status quo,
Decide quickly, Learn from our mistakes
 We collaborate – Break down silos, Engage with
our colleagues, and Deliver as One Team at One
Visa
CODE OF CONDUCT EXAMPLES

Sony
 Japanese tech conglomerate Sony has
an informative and extensive
code of conduct covering many aspects
of working at the company.
 It starts with Sony’s purpose and core
values, followed by messages from both
CEO and Executive Vice President, the
second of which poses the question:
 “Does this contribute to a better future
for Sony and a better future for our
society?”
 This question, along with Sony’s ethical
values of Fairness, Honesty, Integrity,
Respect, and Responsibility, form the
basis of their code of conduct.

https://www.valamis.com/hub/code-of-conduct
CODE OF CONDUCT EXAMPLES

THE CODE OF CONDUCT IS SEPARATED INTO EIGHT AREAS:

1. Core Principles – Honest and Ethical Business
Conduct, Relationship with Stakeholders, Respect
for Human Rights, and Appreciating Diversity
2. Fair Labor and Employment Practices – Equal
Employment Opportunity/Non-Discrimination, No
Forced Labor/Child Labor, Sound Labor and
Employment Practices, and Work Environment
(Anti-Harassment/Anti-Discrimination/Health &
Safety)
3. Responsibility for Products and Services –
Product and Service Safety and Accessibility,
Advertising and Marketing, and Environmental
Conservation
4. Protection of Intellectual Assets – Intellectual
Property, Confidential or Proprietary Information,
Personal Information, and Information Security
https://www.valamis.com/hub/code-of-conduct
CODE OF CONDUCT EXAMPLES

THE CODE OF CONDUCT IS SEPARATED INTO EIGHT

AREAS:
1. Fair Business Practices – Fair Competition,
Trade Controls, Fair Procurement, and Anti-
Corruption
2. Responsible Business Conduct – Sound
Decision Making, Public Disclosure,
Recording and Reporting of Information, and
Tax Compliance
3. Ethical Personal Conduct – Insider Trading,
Personal Conflict of Interest, Corporate
Asset, and Media Relations and Public
statements
4. Responsibility of Every One of Us – The code of conduct ends with an explanation of Sony’s ethics
Reporting Concerns and Hotline and No- and compliance hotline. Maintained by a third party, it allows
Retaliation all employees to report concerns regarding breaks in the law or
company policies, with the option to remain anonymous.
CODE OF CONDUCT EXAMPLES

GENERAL MOTORS
 American
automotive
company General
Motors (GM) have
produced a
comprehensive yet
easy to navigate
and understand
code of conduct
known as “Winning
with Integrity.”
CODE OF CONDUCT
EXAMPLES
 It begins with an opening message from the
chairman and CEO, emphasizing their
fundamental commitment to ethical and
honest business conduct. Straight after this
message is a page dedicated to safety; it
places safety for both customers and
employees at the heart of everything GM
does, noting why this is so critical given
the products they make and sell.
The code of conduct then introduces GM’s
purpose:
 We earn customers for life
 Our brands inspire passion and loyalty
 We translate breakthrough technologies
into vehicles and experiences that people
love
 We serve and improve the communities in
which we live and work around the world
 We are building the most valued
automotive company
CODE OF CONDUCT
EXAMPLES
And core values:
 Customers
 Relationships
 Excellence
GM separate the code of conduct into four
sections containing related topics:
 We follow our code
 We care about others, we put safety first
 We do what’s right
 We protect our company

Each section explains who it applies to, how the code will be enforced, and details the company’s expectations of
its employees. It also has a recurring feature known as “Which Way?” that answers questions regarding potential
situations where the code should guide the employees to the desired outcome. Finally, the code of conduct ends
with some closing thoughts, policy links, and a list of additional resources.
WHAT ARE THE
ETHICAL ISSUES?
Many of the ethical issues that face IT
professionals involve privacy.
 Should you read the private e-mail of
your network users just because you
can?
 Is it OK to read employees' e-mail as
a security measure to ensure that
sensitive company information isn't
being disclosed?
 Is it OK to read employees' e-mail to
ensure that company rules (for
instance, against personal use of the
e-mail system) aren't being violated?
If you do read employees' e-mail,
should you disclose that policy to
them? Before or after the fact?
WHAT ARE THE
ETHICAL ISSUES?
Many of the ethical issues that
face IT professionals involve
privacy.
 Is it OK to monitor the Web
sites visited by your network
users?
 Should you routinely keep logs
of visited sites?
 Is it negligent to not monitor
such Internet usage, to prevent
the possibility of pornography
in the workplace that could
create a hostile work
 An NDA or non-disclosure
agreement is a binding contract
between two or more parties that
prevents sensitive information from
being shared with others.
 NDAs are legally binding in the
Philippines, so long as they comply
with provisions in the country's
Civil Code, Intellectual Property
Code, and Electronic Commerce
Act.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS :
Key Concepts
1. Code of Ethics: Many professions have
established codes of ethics that outline the
ethical principles and standards expected of
their members. These codes serve as a
framework for guiding professional behavior
and decision-making.
2. Conflicts of Interest: Professionals often
encounter situations where their personal
interests' conflict with their professional
duties. Identifying and managing these
conflicts of interest is crucial to maintaining
integrity and objectivity.
3. Client Confidentiality: Maintaining the
privacy of client information is a
fundamental ethical obligation.
Professionals are required to keep client
information confidential unless there are
legal or ethical reasons to disclose it.
 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS :
Key Concepts
4. Professional Competence: Professionals are
expected to maintain a high level of
competence in their field. This includes
staying updated with the latest developments,
continuously improving skills, and providing
services within their area of expertise.
5. Honesty and Integrity: Professionals should be
honest and transparent in their interactions,
communications, and representations. This
includes being truthful about qualifications,
capabilities, and potential conflicts.
6. Informed Consent: Professionals must ensure
that clients and stakeholders are fully
informed about the nature, risks, and benefits
of the services or interventions being
provided. Informed consent is especially
important in fields such as healthcare and
research.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS :
Key Concepts
7. Whistleblowing: When professionals
become aware of unethical or illegal
activities within their organization or
profession, they may face the ethical
dilemma of whether to blow the whistle on
these actions. Whistleblowing involves
reporting such actions to the appropriate
authorities.
8. Diversity and Inclusion: Professionals
should promote diversity, equity, and
inclusion in their practice and interactions.
Treating all individuals fairly and without
discrimination is an essential ethical
principle.
9. Boundaries: Maintaining appropriate
boundaries between professionals and
clients, colleagues, or other stakeholders is
important to avoid conflicts of interest,
exploitation, or inappropriate relationships.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS :
Key Concepts
10. SocialResponsibility: Professionals often
have a broader responsibility to
contribute positively to society and
advocate for the well-being of individuals
and communities.
11. Environmental Ethics: Some professions
have an impact on the environment.
Professionals are increasingly expected to
consider the environmental impact of
their decisions and actions and promote
sustainable practices.
12. Global Considerations: In a globalized
world, professionals may encounter
ethical dilemmas related to working in
different cultural, legal, and social
contexts.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS :
INTRODUCTION

 Professional ethics is a
fundamental framework that
guides the behavior and
decision-making of individuals
within specific occupations or
fields of expertise.
 It encompasses a set of
principles, values, and
standards that professionals
adhere to in order to ensure
their actions align with the
highest moral and ethical
standards.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS :
INTRODUCTION

 The aim of professional ethics is to

maintain integrity, foster trust,
and uphold the well-being of
clients, colleagues, the public,
and the profession itself.
 In various professions such as
medicine, law, engineering,
business, and more, adhering to a
code of ethics is not just a
requirement, but a cornerstone of
responsible practice.
 Professional ethics serves as a
compass for navigating complex
situations and dilemmas that can
arise within the professional
domain.
 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS EXAMINES THE MORAL AND
ETHICAL ISSUES THAT ARISE IN A CORPORATE
ENVIRONMENT.
• It has been found that most professionals face ethical problems in their
professional life, as compared to non-professionals, mainly because
professionals are trained to provide services to the society that cannot be
provided by non-professionals. It is because of the services that professionals

they are also eligible for certain

provide,

privileges and immunities.

• A doctor is given the right to cut open a patient’s
body because he is trained to cure him of his illness
and is offered immunity from any negative
repercussions if something untoward were to
happen.
• A police officer is given the right of carrying
weapons and he can use them to protect
themselves or somebody else’s life from
imminent danger.
 ETHICS REFERS TO THE IT INVOLVES EVALUATING
STUDY OF PRINCIPLES WHAT IS MORALLY RIGHT
AND VALUES THAT GUIDE OR WRONG, JUST OR
HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND UNJUST, AND GOOD OR
DECISION-MAKING. BAD.

ETHICS PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR

INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETIES TO DETERMINE
HOW TO NAVIGATE COMPLEX SITUATIONS,
MAKE CHOICES, AND INTERACT WITH OTHERS
IN A WAY THAT ALIGNS WITH CERTAIN
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT AND MORALITY.
 SEATWORK #1
 Professional Ethics | Infographics - (definition and
related aspect)
1. Code of Ethics – define, infographics and sample
of real life/IT industry based issues
2. Conflicts of Interest – define, infographics and
sample of real life/IT industry based issues
3. Client Confidentiality – define, infographics and
sample of real life/IT industry based issues
4. Professional Competence – define, infographics
and sample of real life/IT industry based issues
5. Informed Consent – define, infographics and
sample of real life/IT industry based issues
6. Whistleblowing – define, infographics and
sample of real life/IT industry based issues
 Statistical Visualization on the Impact of ethical Issues
in IT Industry (2020-2023)
www.datareportal.com
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/professional_ethics/profes
sional_ethics_quick_guide.html
SEATWORK #2
 IDENTIFY ORGANIZATIONS OR WORKPLACE ISSUES RELATED INDUSTRY ON
THE TOPIC PRESENTED:
1. EthicalDilemmas– descriptions and sample of real life/IT
industry-based issues
2. Client and Stakeholder Welfare– descriptions and sample of real
life/IT industry-based issues
3. Accountability and Transparency– descriptions and sample of real
life/IT industry-based issues
4. PublicTrust– descriptions and sample of real life/IT industry-
based issues
5. BalancingPersonal and Professional Values– descriptions and
sample of real life/IT industry-based issues