Science 9

Forces and Motion

QUARTER 4
Forces and Motion

REVIEW
FORCE
This will help you remember!
 SCALAR
QUANTITIES
● are quantities with magnitude
only
● Examples of scalar quantities
are mass, speed, distance,
temperature
 VECTOR QUANTITIES
● are quantities with magnitude and direction
● Examples of vector quantities are velocity,
acceleration, displacement, force and friction
 LEARNING TASK 1
Identify the following: If it is scalar of vector and where do
we used the given unit (in identifying distance, displacement,
speed, velocity, time, or acceleration

1. 20 km/hr.
_______________________ ________________________
2. 10 m/s South
2

_______________________ ________________________­­
3. 5.50 m/s
______________________ ________________________
4. 6.7 m/s, East
________________________ ________________________
5. 4 km
_____________________ ________________________
6. 5 s
________________________ ________________________
 LEARNING TASK 1
Identify the following: If it is scalar of vector and where do
we used the given unit (in identifying distance, displacement,
speed, velocity, time, or acceleration

1. 20 km/hr.
SCALAR DISTANCE
2. 10 m/s2 South

VECTOR ACCELERATION
3. 5.50 m/s
SCALAR SPEED
4. 6.7 m/s, East
VECTOR DISPLACEMENT
6. 5 s
SCALAR TIME
 DISTANCE
● a scalar quantity. It has magnitude but
no direction.
● It is the length of path taken by a
moving object.
● To get the total distance travelled by a
body, all we have to do is add all the
distances travelled
 EQUATIONS
●dT = d1 + d2 . . . . . .
●dT = total distance
● d1, d2….. = distances travelled
 DISPLACEMENT
 a vector quantity. It has both magnitude
and direction.
 refers to the position of an object with
respect to a reference point.
 Generally, when we give directions, we
use four geographical directions: North
(N), South (S), East (E), and West (W).
 DISPLACEMENT
 The upward arrow indicates N direction, downward
arrow is S, right arrow is E, and left arrow is W.
 Net displacement is the resultant of all the individual
displacements. This is the shortest distance from the
starting point to the end point. The shortest distance
between initial position and final position.
● dR can be solved using graphical method, component
method and Pythagorean Theorem.
Different Angles
 EQUATIONS
●Net displacement using Pythagorean
Theorem:
●dR2 = dx2 + dy2
●dR=net displacement
●dx = displacement on the x axis (W or E)
● dy = displacement on the y axis (N or S)
Pythagorean theorem
 Sample Problem
●A group of soldiers walked 15 km North
from their camp, then 10 km more to the
East.
a. What was the total distance walked by the
soldiers?
b. Determine the total displacement from
the starting point.
 Learning Task #2
Students from GTMNHS had a field trip.
From the school ground, they travel 47 km
East going to Alabang. Afterwards, they
travel 75 km South going to Tagaytay.
a. What was the total distance travelled by
the students?
b. Determine the total displacement from
the starting point.
 Sample Problem
● Students walked 20 km East from their
home, then 25 km more to the South
going to the school.
a. What was the total distance walked by the
students?
b. Determine the total displacement from
the starting point.
 SPEED
 the measure of how fast something is
moving
 It is the rate at which distance is
covered at a given time
 Speed is a scalar quantity
● Average speed is the distance travelled
divided by the total time required to
travel that distance
 Mathematical Equation
●v = dT
t
●Where:
●v = average speed
●dT = distance travelled (m)
●t = total travelled time (s)
 VELOCITY
 a speed in a given direction
the ratio of the displacement to the
total time of travel
● It is a vector quantity
 Sample Problem
●A student in Cavite drives to Fort Bonifacio for
summer vacation going 28 km East to pick up a
friend in Fort Bonifacio. The trip takes 3 hours.
Calculate the students;
a) Average speed
b) Average velocity.
● If a person travels at a speed of 40
miles per hour. At the same rate, how
long will he take to cover 160 miles
distance?
 Learning Task #3
Sir Fajilan drives to Tagaytay for summer
vacation going 98 km South to pick up a
friend in Fort Bonifacio. The trip takes 5
hours. Calculate his;
a) Average speed
b) Average velocity.
ACCELERATION:
CHANGING
VELOCITY
 is the rate of change in the velocity of an object
 Rate of change means the ratio of the amount of
change divided by how much time the change takes.
 an object is accelerating when it speeds up, or
changes direction
 when an object slows down, it is usually called
deceleration
●a=
Mathematical Equation
∆v
∆t
● a = vf - vi
t2 – t 1
● a = vf - vi
t
●where:
● a = acceleration (m/s2)
● ∆v = change in velocity (m/s)
● ∆t = change in time (s)
● vf = final velocity (m/s)
● vi = initial velocity (m/s)
● t2 = final time (s)
Verbal Clues It means to
(Word Problems) (Kinematics)

......an object from

rest Vi = 0

...... as the object

comes to rest Vf = 0

.......traveling at a
constant a=0
speed/velocity
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
●Michael is driving his sports car at
30 m/s when he sees a dog on the
road ahead. He slams on the
brakes and comes to a stop in 3
seconds. What was the
acceleration of Michael’s car?
SAMPLE PROBLEM
● A sprinter goes from a speed of 10
m/s to 15 m/s in 2 seconds. Find
the acceleration of the sprinter.
Learning Task #4
1. The driver of a car steps on the
brakes, and the velocity drops from
50 m/s to 20 m/s in a time of 4
seconds. Find his acceleration.
Learning Task #4
2. A pigeon is pecking a seed on a front
yard when suddenly a boy suddenly
make a movement and rattle the pigeon.
It begins to fly with a velocity of 7.8 m/s
in 3.45 s. What is the acceleration of the
pigeon.
Uniformly Accelerated
Motion
(UAM)
 WHAT IS
KINEMATICS?
● Kinematics, branch of physics and a
subdivision of classical mechanics concerned
with the geometrically possible motion of a
body or system of bodies without
consideration of the forces involved (i.e.,
causes and effects of the motions).
 Recall….
 Motion is a change in position of an object with
respect to time also on its reference point.
 Motion is typically described in terms of
displacement, direction, velocity, acceleration, time
and speed.
 Motion can be described in different ways: with
words, graphs,motion diagrams and mathematical
models.
Uniform and Non-Uniform
Motion
● Uniform Motion- When an object covers equal distance in
equal interval of time, the motion is called uniform motion.
For example – if a moving vehicle covers a distance of 4 m
every 2 seconds, the motion of the vehicle is called uniform
motion
● Non-Uniform Motion: - When an object covers unequal
distance in equal interval of time, the motion is called non-
uniform motion. For example – if moving vehicle covers a
distance of 10km in the first hour, covers a distance of 20km in
the second hour, covers a distance of 5km in the third hour, etc.
The motion of the vehicle is called non- uniform motion.
 LEARNING TASK 1
Identify the following: If it is scalar of vector and where do
we used the given unit (in identifying distance, displacement,
speed, velocity, time, or acceleration

1. 20 km/hr.
SCALAR DISTANCE
2. 10 m/s2 South

VECTOR ACCELERATION
3. 5.50 m/s
SCALAR SPEED
4. 6.7 m/s, East
VECTOR DISPLACEMENT
6. 5 s
SCALAR TIME
 Learning Task #2
Students from GTMNHS had a field trip.
From the school ground, they travel 47 km
East going to Alabang. Afterwards, they
travel 75 km South going to Tagaytay.
a. What was the total distance travelled by
the students?
b. Determine the total displacement from
the starting point.
 Learning Task #3
Sir Fajilan drives to Tagaytay for summer
vacation going 98 km South to pick up a
friend in Fort Bonifacio. The trip takes 5
hours. Calculate his;
a) Average speed
b) Average velocity.
Learning Task #4
1. The driver of a car steps on the
brakes, and the velocity drops from
50 m/s to 20 m/s in a time of 4
seconds. Find his acceleration.
Learning Task #4
2. A pigeon is pecking a seed on a front
yard when suddenly a boy suddenly
make a movement and rattle the pigeon.
It begins to fly with a velocity of 7.8 m/s
in 3.45 s. What is the acceleration of the
pigeon.