JAMA MAPUN

KALAGAN
KOLIBUGON
Joelyn De pedro
Arjie Dela Vida
Riyel Demapitan
 GROUP MATES

Joelyn De Pedro Arjie Dela Vida Riyel Demapitan

What is Jama Mapun?
- Is from the word Jama meaning people, and Mapun
which indicates the name of the Island Municipality of
Mapun, thus called the “People of Mapun” . They are
one of the Bangsamoro Ethnic tribes in the
Philippines.

They are the Sama-speaking people widely known for

their creativity and traditions.Their spoken language is
called Pullun Mapun meaning Mapun
Language.They speak a Sama-Bajau language of the
Austronesian language family, and most are
 LOCATION

Tawi-tawi, Cagayan De
Sulu and Sabah
Malaysia
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

-Their religion is basically Islam. The Jama

Mapun believe in one God whom they call Tuhan
or Allah. The latter is used in everyday prayers
and in the official friday liturgy. While the
former is used in discussions of morality and
ethics.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

-The Jama Mapun are highly child-centered. To

ensure ease of delivery, the pregnant wife is
enjoined to avoid sewing. The husband is
enjoinednot to participate in funeral activities
and wear anything around his neck.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

-During maddi (labor), a baliyan (midwife). As soon as the child

is born, the baliyan cleans the batang ponsot (umbilical cord)
and cuts off a portion of the cord from the placenta. The
remaining section is then tied into seven portions of
approximately 2.5 centimeters each. Normally, the batang ponsot
drops off after three days; if it takes more than three days, it is
believed that the child will become hardheaded.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

The child is then bathed in cold water and then

wrapped in a barung (swaddle) from head to
foot with pink or yellow cloth.
LIVELIHOOD

-Weaving tipo made of dried pandan

leaves, the tipo is a source of pride
among Jama Mapun mat weavers. Mat
designs are typically influenced by the
environment, as can be surmised from
some of their common motifs: katam
(crab), orang-orang (shrimp), and
maligoy (miniature house) .
LIVELIHOOD

-Cultivation of coconuts for the

production of copra as a cash crop. Corn
and cassava arealternative staples.
Unlike most other Sama groups, the
Jama Mapun are more oriented toward
to land.
FAMILY HOUSES

-LUMA (BAUNG BAUNG) this

traditional house can be found in the
midland area. The main structure has an
open space, without division. Usually,
people celebrate wedding, baptismal and
other gathering inside the house where
they sing their traditional music.
DANCES
Lunsay folk dance was originated at
Cagayan de Sulu at Mindanao region. It is
known as a game song-dance and it is
performed by Jama Mapun during weddings.
The dance is being performed by male and
female dancers. The steps include dancers
holding hands and creating a single line. They
move into a serpent like motion, wave motion
or circular motion while they follow the
movement and direction of the leader’s hand.
If the male is followed by the female dancers,
the two must not hold hand but instead the
two must a handkerchief to hold on.
 INSTRUMENTS

AGUNG KULINTANG
MARRIAGE

The adolescent period is seen as the

extreme segregation of the both
males and females. They are
not allowed to socialize until
they associate themselves in a
social gathering called Lunsay.
 BURIAL
Jama Mapuns believe that the
dead must be buried as soon as
possible, not longer than twenty-
four hours of exposure. The body
is carefully wrapped in a white
cloth and prayers are said by the
paki. The Jama Mapuns do not use
coffins for their dead. An old paki
once said that the body is too sacred
to be touched by the earth has
soil or any wooden objects.
 BURIAL
Hence minimal contact is
encouraged (they do this by
constructing a tomb-like place in
the ground for the dead body). This
life cycle is an example of
the living social structure of
the Jama Mapun. Notice that
the importance of a paki in all
processes cannot be
underestimated. Hence, such Folk-
Islam provides consistency
regularity in the social process in
the cultural group.
THANK
YOU!
 /
KAGAN KALAGAN

Presented by: ARJIE DELA VIDA

WHAT IS KALAGAN?
• Kagan came from the word kaag which means to
inform, to secure or secrecy.

• The other term is also ka-allagan which means shining

light referring from to the sun due as they are believed
to be more advanced in lifestyle and society than their
neighboring tribes which live on the highlands of the
PLACES/ AREAS THEY FOUND

The kalagan live on the island

of Mindanao in the Southern
Philippines.
HISTORY

With the arrival of Islam in the 1500s, the

Kalagan split into two separate groups-the

Tagakaulu Kalagan and the Tagakaolo

Kalagan. The Tagakaulu Kalagan speak

Tagakaolo, which is closely related to a

number of other languages spoken in the

region.
DIALECT USED
The kagan language called "kinagan"
is the native language of the tribe.
Kinagan is also related to indonesian
which some of the words are similar to
the bahasa language.
Others words are also influenced by
the Arabic language.
 DIALECT USED

Kalagan is also known as Multi-

lingual people since they can
speak 3 or more languages used
in communication to their
neighboring tribes.
RELIGIOUS/ BELIEFS/ RITUALS
• They continue to believe in a variety of
environmental spirits. Many tales are also told of
magic sorcery, and supernatural beings.

• Muslim religious leaders/teachers(imams and

panditas) direct religious life and teach young boys
to read and memorize the koran (islam's holy book).
RELIGIOUS/ BELIEFS/ RITUALS
• Before the islam came in the Mindanao, Philippines
early kagans is believe to be an animist and they
believed that there is a one supreme God called
TAGALLANG means "creator".
• They also believe that all of the nature like trees,
stone, mountains, river and oceans has a spirit they
called MAGUYA and they respect by performing
ceremonial rituals as a sign of respect.
 POPULATION
• There are approximately 87,300(2022)
living on the island of mindanao in the
Philippines.

• 139,000 total population in the

Philippines.
 OCCUPATION/LIVELIHOOD

The kalagan are The kalagan catch They're renowned as

self sufficient fish and obtain wild agriculturalist,
farmers, foods and other cultivating

Producing nearly various materials rice,corn,abaca and

all their own food from the marshes. coconut for cash
crops.
 FAMILY HOUSES
The traditional houses of the kalagan
people, are known as "DARU".
These houses typically made from
bamboo and other locally source
materials and are design to be well
ventilated to suit the tropical climate
of the region.
 ARTS
Kalagan art is confined mostly to weaving, basket
making, and producing certain ornaments. Personal
adornment in the form of bright clothing, beaded
jewelry, and other accessories is distinctive and
colorful.
On special occasions, graceful dances are performed
to the rythmic music of gongs and other instruments.
FASHION/WEARING DRESS

Decorative comb
(Suwat).
Made of wood,
decorated with
beads, pieces of
mirror and horse
hair.
FASHION/WEARING DRESS

Earrings Necklace
(Balyog) (Lampad)
FASHION/WEARING DRESS

"Pana-en"

• Worn by kalagan men

belong to the upper class.

• A woven cloth made of

abaca
FASHION/WEARING DRESS

Lower garments is also

made of abaca
FASHION/WEARING DRESS

It is a piece cloth,
almost square, wrapped
around the head.
FOOD/SPECIAL CUISINE

Kalagan
yellow rice
(Sinigapuna)
FOOD/SPECIAL CUISINE
Wakag
(Gabi)

stewed in thick
coconut milk.
FOOD/SPECIAL CUISINE
Amik
or
fried Rice noodles
 DANCES/
INSTRUMENTS

Shem longakit
DANCES/INSTRUMENTS

Tanggunggu
 MARRIAGE
• Marriage Kalagan marriages are
usually monogamous. Although
polygyny is permitted, it is practiced
only by those of high rank and
wealth. There is a strong preference
for marriage between related
families, especially to second
cousins. After marriage, the couples
usually live in the husband's
community, although today, young
couples may form their own
WEDDING
• There are 3 kalagan terms for bride
price(the saud ng gatas,saoo sang
kaoowa, and sarilin sang kowangan)
that reflect an old traditions.they are still
being used nowadays.

• it is not only the girl's family that

benefits from the bride price. other
relatives can ask for specific things.
WEDDING
• The actual marriage rite consist of the
imam's reciting of some verses from the
Quran.
This is called:
Pagbatya ng Hotbatolnika, the
reciting of the appropriate verses for a
wedding.

• The recitation mentions the five pillars

of islam: worshiping God or praying five
times a day, giving Alms(zakat), fasting
THANK YOU!
KALIBUGAN /
KOLIBUGON
 Kalibugan (Kolibugon)

Means “mixed breed” and refers to the

Subanun of the Philippines who have
intermarried with the Tausug and Samal.

The name derives from the word ``buckwheat’’

or ``suva’’ meaning ``river’’ common in Sulu,
Visayas and Mindanao, and the suffixes ``-nun’’
or ``-non’’ indicating region or origin. Doing.
Hence, the name Subanong means “river man
or people”. These people originally lived in the
lowlands.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

Their religious beliefs are deeply rooted in animism and

ancestor worship. They believe in the presence of spirits in
nature, such as rivers, mountains, and trees. They also
believe in the power of their ancestors to protect and
guide them.
The tribe believes in a supreme being they call “Diwata
Migbebaya”. The tribe has no religion although it is
believed that they had a holy book at one time.
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

The Subanuns believe that all

humans have souls. The dead
are usually buried within the
same day, before sundown.
CUSTOMS, TRADITION and
FAMILY HOUSES
In marriage, the parents of the
man look for a woman he will
marry and both sets of parents
set the wedding date. Polygamy
and polyandry are practiced but
separation is not allowed nor is
marrying nearest relatives.
POLYGAMY and POLYANDRY

Polygamy – when a man marries

multiple women.

Polyandry – which refers to wives

having more than one husband.
 CUSTOMS, TRADITION and FAMILY
HOUSES
When a couple wants to have only 1 or 2
children the wife, after giving birth, eats
an herb called benayan. For birth spacing
she eats 2 herbs, and if no more children
are desired she eats more.

Ghubay—(Subanen Wedding)
 ETHNIC / TRIBE

They are a mixed ethnic group descended

from the Subanun and also intermarried
with the Tausug and Samal peoples. Most
have converted to Islam and their culture
shares elements of the Subanun, Tausug,
and Samal cultures. They number around
15,000 and live in coastal villages practicing
subsistence farming.
 DIALECT’s

•CHAVACANO
• CEBUANO
• SUBANON LANGUAGE
 PLACE OF ORIGIN

The Subanon primarily inhabit the

Zamboanga peninsula, which is more than
200 kilometers long, shaped like a giant
crooked finger that extends westward to the
Sulu Sea, and is joined to mainland
Mindanao by a narrow strip of land, the
isthmus of Tukuran, which separates the
bays of Iligan and Illana.
PLACE OF ORIGIN

The Subanon were established in the island

of Mindanao before 500 BC, before the
Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age where the
period in the development of human
technology taken place beginning 10,000 BC
according to the ASPRO chronology
(between 4,500 and 2,000 BC).
 POPULATION

Total population —758,499 (2020 census)

Regions with significant populations in Philippines

Zamboanga del Norte — 220,165

Zamboanga del Sur — 148,402
Zamboanga Sibugay — 58,069
Misamis Occidental — 49,897
Zamboanga City — 657
Misamis Oriental — 342
Basilan — 97
 OCCUPATION/ LIVELIHOOD
•The Subanon people have traditionally
relied on agriculture, particularly rice
farming, as their primary occupation and
livelihood.

•Subanon engage in fishing, hunting, and

gathering forest products to supplement
their food sources.

•They also raise livestock such as chickens,

water buffaloes, pigs, and cattle.
 FASHION/WEARING
DRESS/CLOTHING
The traditional costumes worn by he Subanen men consisted
of upper and lower garments with headdress and other
accessories.

‘sub’ —Upper garment for men, tight-fitting – long sleeves-

decorated with thick threads with colors red, green, white,
and yellow.
salwal’/ ’sandyawa’ — men lower garment

Types of salwal
’binugis’/ ‘purol’ —short pants
‘pinusuan’/ ‘kinanyo’ — long pants.
FASHION/WEARING
DRESS/CLOTHING

‘ulapok’ / ‘mamandyo’ —men

headdress, square piece of cloth ,
medium size , striped.
“g’lang” — the bracelet
“sing’l — the anklet
 FASHION/WEARING
DRESS/CLOTHING

Subanen women wore the traditional costumes consisting of

upper and lower garments with headdress and other
accessories.

‘Sub’ — the white or black upper garments of the women

were similar to that of the men’s in terms of cut and
decorative colors and materials.
‘tapis’ — use by tribal women covered their lower bodies and
fastened it using the same belt used by men.

In case of weddings, brides used the white ‘sub’ and the white
‘tapis.’
 “ bitak’l” or ‘sabat’ —necklace
called, it’s still used even up to
the present is made of beads of
different colors such as black,
white, golden yellow, and red
made up he necklace.
 FASHION/WEARING
DRESS/CLOTHING

Black — A symbol of night as the time of worship of the tribe.

White — the distinction of tribal authorities, a signification of the peace-loving

personality of the Subanens, and a sign of special tribal gatherings like the ‘buklog.’

Red — is a sign of blood for the defense of the tribe’s ancestral domain, a
representation of ‘chili’ in ‘pangasi’ as a tradition for tribal gatherings and festivity.

Green — is a representation of nature as the source of food, medicine, shelter, and

clothing for the tribe’s existence.

Yellow — is an expression of the tribe’s belief in supernatural entities.

 Types of songs, which include :

• dionli (a love song)

• buwa (lullaby)
• giloy (a funeral song for a dead chieftain).

Three Subanon epics have been recorded and

published:
•The Guman of Dumalinao
•Ag Tobig nog Keboklagan (The Kingdom of
Keboklagan)
•Keg Sumba neg Sandayo (The Tale of Sandayo).
 DANCES

Sohten: A dance of male strength and stoicism, calling the deities with the sounds from dlasag (shields) adorned with balasi (small shells)
and saliringan leaves.

Dumadel: A dance of bountiful harvest.

Thalek: A celebration after a ritual or bountiful harvest, danced to establish good will in the community and to invite and receive
blessings.
SOHTEN THALEK
 INSTRUMENTS

•agong (a large gong)

•kutapi (a two-string wooden guitar)
• sigitan (a bamboo guitar)
• kulintang (eight small gongs)
• durugan (a hollowed log which is beaten like a
Drum)
• drums
THANK YOU!