Joints

• Joint is used in pipe systems to connect straight sections of pipe or tube adapt to
different sizes or shapes and for other purposes.
VARIOUS TYPES OF JOINTS WHICH ARE MOSTLY USED
ARE AS

• Spigot and socket joint

• Flexible joint
• Expansion joint
• Screwed joint
• Flanged joint
• Collar joint
• Mechanical joint
 Spigot and socket joint
• This type of joint is mostly used for iron pipes. Sometimes this is called bell and
spigot joint.
• For the construction of this joint the spigot or normal end of pipe is slipped in
socket or bell end of the other pipe until contact is made at the base of the bell.
 Expansion joint
• This joint is used at such places where pipes expand or contract due to change in
atmospheric temperature and thus check the setting of thermal stresses in the
pipes.
• In this joint the socket end is flanged with cast iron follower ring, which can freely
slide on the spigot end or lane end of other pipe an elastic rubber gasket is tightly
pressed between the annular space of socket and spigot by means of bolts.
 Expansion joint
• In the beginning while fixing the follower ring some space is left between the
socket base and spigot end for the free movement of the pipes.
• The elastic rubber gasket in every position keeps the joint water tight.
 Flanged joint

• This joint is mostly used for temporary pipelines, because the pipe line can be
dismantled and again assembled at other place.
• The pipe in this case has flanges on its both ends, cast, welded or screwed with the
pipe.
• The two ends of the pipe are brought in perfect level near one another and after
placing one hard rubber washer between flanges are bolted.
 Flanged joint
• This joint can be used at such places where it has to bear vibrations or deflection
of pipes etc.
 Mechanical joint
• This type of joint is used for jointing cast iron, steel pipes. There are two types of
mechanical joints.
• Dresser couplings: It essentially consists of one middle ring, two follower rings
and two rubber gaskets.
I. The two follower rings are connected together by bolts, and when they are
tightened, they press both the gaskets tightly below the ends of the middle ring.
II. These are very strong and rigid and can withstand vibrations up to certain limit.
 Mechanical joint
• Victaulic joint

I. In this type a gasket or leak proof ring is slipped over the both ends.
II. This gasket is pressed from all sides on both the pipes by means of half iron
couplings by bolts.
III. This joint can bear shocks, vibrations and is used for cast iron and steel pipes.
 Flexible joint
• This joint is used at such places where settlement is likely to occur after laying the
pipe lines and used for laying pipes on curves.
• The cast end is in a spherical shape. The spigot end is plain but has a bead at the
end. Sometimes this joint is also called bell and socket joint or universal joint.
• The spigot end of the pipe is kept in the spherical end of the other pipe.
 Screwed joint
• This joint is mostly used for connecting small diameter cast iron and galvanized
pipes.
• The ends of the pipes have threads on outside, while socket has threads on the
inner side. The same socket is screwed on both ends of the pipes to join them.
 Collar joint
• This joint is mostly used for joining big diameter concrete and asbestos cement
pipes. The ends of two pipes are brought in one level before each other.
• Then rubber gasket between steel rings or jute rope soaked in cement is kept in the
grove and the collar is placed at the joint so that it should have the same lap on the
both sides.