4A Air Compressor and Distribution System

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INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

In this presentation, You will learn आप सीखेंगे


• Factors affecting selection of Air Compressor एयर कं प्रेसर के चयन को
प्रभावित करने वाले कारक
• What is “Regulation in Air Compressor“ एयरकं प्रेसर मे रेगुलेशन क्या होता है
• Types of “Regulation in Air Compressor“ एयरकं प्रेसर मे रेगुलेशन के प्रकार
• Distribution System of Pneumatic Control System न्यूमेटिक नियंत्रण प्रणाली की वितरण
प्रणाली
• Functions of Receiver in Pneumatic Control System” न्यूमेटिक नियंत्रण प्रणाली मे रिसीवर
के कार्य
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF AIR COMPRESSOR
एयर कं प्रेसर के चयन को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक
The 2 main factors affecting selection of Air Compressors are
एयर कं प्रेसर के चयन को प्रभावित करने वाले दो मुख्य कारक है
1. Delivery Volume of the Air Compressor एयर कं प्रेसर का वितरण आयतन
2. Delivery Pressure of the Air Compressor– एयर कं प्रेसर का वितरण दाब
Delivery Volume of the Air Compressor
एयर कं प्रेसर का वितरण आयतन
• It means the amount of compressed air which the air compressor supplies to the
pneumatic circuit. एयर कं प्रेसर द्वारा न्यूमेटिक सर्कि ट मे भेजी जाने वाली कं प्रेस्ड हवा की मात्रा
• There are 2 types of Delivery Volume in air compressor
(1) Theoretical Delivery Volume (TDV) सैद्धान्तिक वितरण आयतन
(2) Effective Delivery Volume (EDV) प्रभावी वितरण आयतन अथवा वास्तविक वितरण आयतन
(1) Theoretical Delivery Volume (TDV) सैद्धान्तिक वितरण आयतन
It is the quantity of compressed air which the air compressor should develop
theoretically एयर कं प्रेसर द्वारा न्यूमेटिक सर्कि ट मे भेजी जाने वाली कं प्रेस्ड हवा की सैद्धान्तिक मात्रा है जो पहुँचनी चाहिए |

For example for Reciprocating Air Compressor TDV= (∏/4)* D 2 *L*N


where ∏=22/7 or 3.1416, D= Diameter of cylinder Bore, L= Length of Stroke, N=RPM
(2) Effective Delivery Volume (EDV)प्रभावी / वास्तविक वितरण आयतन
It is the quantity of compressed air which Pneumatic System actually receives from
the air Compressor यह एयर कं प्रेसर से निकलकर न्यूमेटिक सर्कि ट मे पहुँचने वाली कं प्रेस्ड हवा की वास्तविक मात्रा है
EDV = TDV * Volumetric Efficiency of Air Compressor
प्रभावी / वास्तविक वितरण आयतन = सैद्धान्तिक वितरण आयतन * अनुमापी दक्षता
2. Delivery Pressure of the Air Compressor
एयर कं प्रेसर का वितरण दाब
Delivery Pressure - It means the pressure of compressed air in the
delivery side of the air compressor. एयर कं प्रेसर की डिलीवरी साइड मे दाब ही वितरण दाब
कहलाता है |
There are 2 types of Delivery Volume in air compressor.
एयर कं प्रेसर मे दो प्रकार का वितरण दाब होता है |
(1) Working Pressure (कार्यकारी दाब)
(2) Operating Pressure (परिचालन दाब)
(1) Working Pressure (कार्यकारी दाब)
 Working Pressure is the Compressor outlet pressure, or pressure in the receiver or
pressure in the pipelines of the Pneumatic System. एयर कं प्रेसर का आउटलेट दाब अथवा रिसीवर का दाब अथवा न्यूमेटिक
प्रणाली की पाइपलाइन्स मे दाब ही कार्यकारी दाब कहलाता है |
(2) Operating Pressure (परिचालन दाब)
o Operating Pressure is the pressure required to operate the operating element or Working element or
Actuators such as Cylinder and motors. ऑपरेटिंग अवयव अथवा वर्किं ग अवयव अथवा एक्च्युएटर जैसे सिलेंडर एवं मोटर मे
कं प्रेस्ड हवा का दाब ही परिचालन दाब कहलाता है |
o In most cases, the value of operating pressure is 6 Bar
अधिकतर मामलों मे परिचालन दाब का मन 6 बार (दाब की इकाई) होता है |
o 1 Bar = 105 Pascal (Pa) 1 बार (दाब की इकाई) = 105 पास्कल
o 1 Pascal = 1 Newton/ meter2 1 पास्कल = 1 न्यूटन / मीटर2
o Here Bar and Pascal are the units of pressure. यहाँ बार एवं पास्कल दोनों दाब की इकाईया है |
Regulation in Air Compressor (एयर कं प्रेसर मे रेगुलेशन)
 Matching of Delivery Volume of the air compressor with the fluctuating
demand of compressed air in pneumatic circuit is called Regulation in Air Compressor.एयर
कं प्रेसर द्वारा उत्पन्न कं प्रेस्ड हवा की मात्रा का न्यूमेटीक सर्कि ट मे लगातार बदलती कं प्रेस्ड हवा की आवश्यकता का मिलान ही
रेगुलेशन कहलाता है |
 The delivery volume is controlled using the adjustable limiting values of maximum
pressure and minimum pressure in the air compressor. एयर कं प्रेसर के डिलीवरी वॉल्यूम को अधिकतम
एवं न्यूनतम दाब के द्वारा नियंत्रित किया जाता है |
 Due to regulation, the required amount of compressed air is made available in the
pneumatic circuit. रेगुलेशन के कारण ही न्यूमेटीक सर्कि ट मे लगातार बदलती कं प्रेस्ड हवा की जितनी आवश्यकता हो ,
उतनी मात्रा मे न्यूमेटीक सर्कि ट मे कं प्रेस्ड हवा उपलब्ध करायी जाती है |
Types of Regulations in Air Compressor (एयर कं प्रेसर मे रेगुलेशन)
 There are 3 main types of regulations in air compressor

1. No- Load Regulation


 Exhaust Regulation
 Suction shut off Regulation
2. Low Speed Regulation
 Speed Regulation
 Suction Throttle Regulation
3. On-Off Regulation
Distribution System of Pneumatic Control System न्यूमेटिक नियंत्रण प्रणाली की वितरण प्रणाली
Main Pipeline slope 1 degree – 2 degree
slope as shown in fig

Main Pipeline

Branch
Pipeline

Receiver

Accumulator

Condensate
Trap
Distribution System of Pneumatic Control System न्यूमेटिक नियंत्रण प्रणाली की वितरण प्रणाली
 Air Compressor Air Receiver Main Pipeline (Gradiant or Slope 1 degree to
2 degree-see last figure) Air Accumulator Service Unit (FRL Unit)
Pneumatic Circuits
 Main Pipeline is provided 1 degree to 2 degree slope or gradient to remove water from the
compressed air into the condensate drain.
 Connection of compressed air take off point is always from the top of main pipeline whereas
Connection of water take off point is always from the bottom of main pipeline.
Functions of Air Receiver ( Main Pipeline) and Air Accumulator (Branch Pipeline)
1. Acts as emergency source of supply of compressed air in case of compressor failure
2. Remove pressure fluctuations thereby supplying uniform air pressure in the circuit
3. Removes water(moisture) from the compressed air through condensate drain
Pipeline Materials
Preparation of Compressed Air (कं प्रेस्ड हवा तैयार करना)
 Air Compressor in input takes atmospheric air from the atmospheric.
 This atmospheric air contains dirt(गंदगी) , dust (धूल), water(moisture पानी की बुँदे).
 Dirt(गंदगी) , dust (धूल), water(moisture पानी की बुँदे) has to be removed from the generated compressed air.
 This process of removing (1) Dirt(गंदगी) (2) Dust (धूल) (3) Water(moisture पानी की बुँदे) from the compressed air
and adding Lubricating oil into the compressed air is called “Air Preparation”
 “Air Preparation” is done with the help of Service Unit (also called FRL Unit)
 Service Unit or FRL Unit is made up of 3 units
1. Air Filter – It removes dirt(गंदगी) , dust (धूल), water(moisture पानी की बुँदे) using mesh principle and centrifugal
force.
2. Air Regulator- It allows only up to set pressure of air regulator in the pneumatic circuit (Example- If Set
pressure in the Air Regulator is 6 Bar and the Air Compressor Produces 10 Bar pressure then Only 6 bar
pressure reaches the pneumatic circuit and remaining 4 Bar exhausts to the atmosphere.
3. Air Lubricator – It mixes small drops of Lubricating oil in to the compressed air for lubrication of pneumatic
components such as valves and cylinders thereby reducing friction, wear and increasing their life. Air
Air Filter Air Lubricator
Air Pressure
Regulator

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