Laser

Blnd Diyar Star

Rebin Faisal Wasman

 Introduction
• The term "LASER" is an acronym for:

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

• The laser is a device that emits a collimated

beam of either visible or invisible
electromagnetic radiation (light).
 Laser Components
• An energy source (usually referred to as the pump )

• A gain medium or laser medium

• Two or more mirrors that form an optical resonator

 The pump
• The pump source is the part that provides energy to
the laser system.

• The type of pump source used principally depends on the gain

medium

• Examples of pump sources include electrical discharges,

flashlamps, arc lamps, light from another laser
 Gain medium / Laser medium
• The gain medium is the major determining factor of the
wavelength of operation.
• Gain media with wide spectra allow tuning of the laser frequency.

• Examples of different gain media include:

 Liquids, such as dye lasers.
 Gases, such as carbon dioxide

solids, such as crystals and glasses.

 Optical resonator

• The optical resonator, in its simplest form is two parallel mirrors

placed around the gain medium.

• Optical resonator provide feedback of the light.

• The mirrors are given optical coatings which determine their

reflective properties. Typically, one will be a high reflector, and
the other will be a partial reflector.
 Types of Lasers
Gas Laser Pumped Solid State

Dye Laser Diode Laser

 Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Regions of the optical radiation spectrum
 Laser Classifications
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3R Class 3B Class 4
Less Than 0.39 mW Less Than 1 mW 1-5 mW Until 500 mW 500mW Or Mor
Viewing Laser Radiation
 Some Laser Uses
 Laser Range Finding
 Information Processing (DVDs and Blu-Ray)
 Bar Code Readers
 Laser Surgery
 Holographic Imaging
 Laser Spectroscopy
Laser In Military
Thanks