PREPARATION OF LAYOUT OF A

BUILDING AND ITS MARKING ON

GROUND

Presented By

MALIK MOHAMMAD SUHAIL

1904220000035
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Site Layout Design
 Principles of Planning
 Temporary Bench Mark (TBM)
 Baseline
 Horizontal Controls
 Vertical Controls
 Building Layout
 Trenches
 Reduced Level
 Framed Building
 External Resources
 INTRODUCTION

The term planning of building by an engineer is used to mean the arrangements of all
the units of a building on floors and at all levels and it not only includes the horizontal
layout but also it takes into consideration the height and level to accommodate the
space enclosed by walls, floors and roofs. During building planning, it is important to
keep in mind the general purpose of the building. Each type of building has its own
requirement to suit its purpose in the best possible manner. There should be proper
thinking on the functional or utility aspect of building. Main consideration of planning
are:
 Human habitation and their requirements
 Climatic condition and effects
 Bye-laws for planning and construction
 Comfort, Safety, Economy
SITE LAYOUT DESIGN

 Site layout planning is an important task that involves identification of the

temporary facilities which will be needed to support construction operations.

 Site layout planning is about determining the shape and size of TFs.

 Proper site layout planning will improve site safety for work force and public.
SITE LAYOUT DESIGN

 Management must appropriate position all the temporary

facilities within the boundaries of construction sites.
 Proper plan for TFs is vital for reducing hazards and
accidents on construction sites.
 Proper plan for TFs is vital for increasing site
productivity.
 To determine the needed TFS on site in any time interval
needs a proper planning.
 PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

 Privacy
 Aspect
 Prospect
 Grouping
 Roomminess
 Furniture Requirements
 Circulations
 Sanitation
 Economy
 Flexibility
ASPECT
Aspect refers to the planned arrangements of the doors and windows of
external walls to get sunlight breeze a good view of the scenery outside.

Types of Rooms Suggested Aspect

Drawing room, living room South, SE

Bedroom West, SW

Dining room South

kitchen East

Verandah West, SW
PROSPECT
 A Building is said to have prospect when it presents a good and pleasing appearance when seen from
outside. It is used to mean the external view as certain room of the buildings.
 Exterior wall painting and window should be provided in an attractive manner. Projected windows
permit more light and air inside the rooms.
PRIVACY

 For residental building and planning privacy is important is important considerations.

 For more privacy centre door location should be avoided.

GROUPING
 Grouping refer to be easy communication and utility of various rooms.
 Kitchen and dining room should be close to each other.
 Storeroom should be adjacent to kitchen.
 Kitchen and toilet black not exposed to drawing room.
ROOMMINESS
 Roomminess refer to an arrangement of getting the maximum advantage forms the
minimum or limited dimensions of room.
 Small room should have low ceiling height.

FURNITURE REQUIREMENT
 During building planning the size of furniture to
be required for functional utility of the rooms
should be considered.
CIRCULATION
 Circulation refer to provided through passage between rooms in building.
 It is necessary to permit horizontal circulation through passage, corridors lobbies and
ramps in building

LIGHTING
 Natural and artificial lighting is provided in building planning by proper ventilation
sunlight.
 Can give good lighting.
ORIENTATION OF BUILDING

The settings of plan of building on it sites with reference to the directions is known as orientation.
The long walls of the buildings should be placed towards north and south.
The short walls should be placed towards east and west.

SELECTION OF SITE
 The selection of the site has an important bearing on the planning as well as
designing a building.
 A building has to be planned depending on the location and the geometry of
the site.
SOME CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT PICTURES
TEMPORARY BENCH MARK (TBM)

 The TBM is a fixed point on a

site to which all levels are
related and should be established
at an early stage. Where possible
the TBM should relate to an
ordnance bench mark. On the
site it could relate to any
permanent fixture such as a
manhole cover or firmly driven
post.
 BASELINE

 Typically the first layout task is

establishing a baseline to which all the
setting out can be related. The baseline
is a straight reference line in respect to
which the building corner are located
on the ground. It often coincides with
the building line which is the boundary
of the area, or the other boundary of a
road or curb often demarcated by the
local authority
 HORIZONTAL CONTROLS

 These are the points that have known

coordinates with respect to a specific
point. Other points such as layout
corners can then be located. Plenty of
control points should be used so that
each point of the plan can be precisely
located on the ground.
VERTICAL CONTROLS

 These enable design points to be positioned at

their correct levels. The vertical control
points are established relative to specified
vertical datum after a timber post set in
concrete.
 Horizontal and vertical controls are generally
established during the levelling phase using a
theodolite or similar instrument. For more
information, see surveying instruments.
LAYOUT OF BUILDING
Types of Residential Buildings
 Detached building
 Semi detached building
 Low rise or high rise building
Types of Industrial Buildings
 Canteen
 Clock Room
 Drinking water
 Entrance
 Parking
 Sanitary Block
LAYOUT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

SEMI DETACHED BUILDING DETACHED BUILDING

HIGH RISE BUILDING ROW HOUSE BUILDING
INDUSTRIAL PLAN
 TRENCHES

 A trench is a type of
excavation or depression in
the ground that is generally
deeper than it is wide (as
opposed to a wider gully, or
ditch), and narrow compared
with its length (as opposed to
a simple hole).
REDUCED LEVEL

 Reduced Level in surveying refers to

equating elevations of survey points
with reference to a common assumed
datum. It is a vertical distance between
survey point and adopted datum plane.
Thus it is considered as the base
elevation which is used as reference to
reckon heights or depths of other
important places.
FRAMED BUILDING

 Framing, in construction, is the fitting

together of pieces to give a structure
support and shape. Framing materials are
usually wood, engineered wood, or
structural steel. The alternative to framed
construction is generally called mass wall
construction, where horizontal layers of
stacked materials such as log building,
masonry, rammed earth, adobe, etc. are
used without framing.
THANK YOU